ASTM B765-03(2023) PDF
Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 4
- Дата публикации:
- 1 ноября 2023 г.
- Издание:
- B765
- ICS:
- 25.220.40
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Porosity tests indicate the completeness of protection or coverage offered by the coating. When a given coating is known to be protective when properly deposited, the porosity serves as a measure of the control of the process. The effects of substrate finish and preparation, plating bath, coating process, and handling, may all affect the degree of imperfection that is measured. Note 1: The substrate exposed by the pores may be the basis metal, an underplate, or both. 4.2 The tests in this guide involve corrosion reactions in which the products delineate pores in coatings. Since the chemistry and properties of these products may not resemble those found in service environments, these tests are not recommended for prediction of product performance unless correlation is first established with service experience. SCOPE 1.1 This guide describes some of the available standard methods for the detection, identification, and measurement of porosity and gross defects in electrodeposited and related metallic coatings and provides some laboratory-type evaluations and acceptances. Some applications of the test methods are tabulated in Table 1 and Table 2. 1.2 This guide does not apply to coatings that are produced by thermal spraying, ion bombardment, sputtering, and other similar techniques where the coatings are applied in the form of discrete particles impacting on the substrate. 1.3 This guide does not apply to beneficial or controlled porosity, such as that present in microdiscontinuous chromium coatings. 1.4 Porosity test results (including those for gross defects) occur as chemical reaction end products. Some occur in situ, others on paper, or in a gel coating. Observations are made that are consistent with the test method, the items being tested, and the requirements of the purchaser. These may be visual inspection (unaided eye) or by 10× magnification (microscope). Other methods may involve enlarged photographs or photomicrographs. 1.5 The test methods are only summarized. The individual standards must be referred to for the instructions on how to perform the tests. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM B765-03(2023), "Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings," provides a comprehensive overview of standard methods to detect, identify, and measure porosity and gross defects in electrodeposited and similar metallic coatings. Developed by ASTM International, this guide outlines laboratory procedures suitable for a variety of metals and coatings, helping stakeholders ensure the integrity, protection, and reliability of coated products. This standard is recognized internationally for its role in quality assurance and control within the electroplating and surface engineering industries.
Key Topics
- Porosity Testing: The standard describes multiple methods for porosity testing, which reveal holes, cracks, or defects that expose the underlying substrate. Porosity levels are an important measure of the quality and protection provided by metallic coatings.
- Gross Defect Detection: Gross defects-such as mechanical damage, wear, or significant coating discontinuities-are outlined separately from routine porosity, highlighting tests for more severe failures.
- Test Overview: Typical methods include chemical reaction-based processes where corrosion products make pore sites visible. Visual or microscopic observations, or photographic techniques, are part of these evaluations.
- Intrinsic vs. Gross Defects: The document differentiates between intrinsic porosity (small, routine imperfections from deposition processes) and gross defects (such as mechanical damage or large, as-plated pores).
- Applicability: The guide covers coatings like gold, silver, nickel, tin, and their alloys over a variety of substrates such as copper, iron, steel, and aluminum. It does not apply to thermal spray or physical vapor deposition coatings, or controlled/beneficially porous coatings.
- Test Limitations: These laboratory porosity tests do not always simulate real-world service environments; results should be correlated with actual performance where necessary.
Applications
ASTM B765 is critical for:
- Quality Assurance: Ensuring electrodeposited and related metallic coatings consistently provide full coverage and protection, verified through porosity and gross defect assessments.
- Process Control: Indicating the degree to which substrate preparation, plating baths, and handling influence coating integrity.
- Product Evaluation: Practical for manufacturers and purchasers to assess and compare the suitability and durability of metallic coatings across multiple applications, including electronics, automotive components, machinery, and decorative finishes.
- Inspection: Facilitating visual and microscopic inspection routines-especially important during development, incoming inspection, and pre-shipment quality audits.
- Failure Analysis: Detecting and quantifying coating defects that may lead to product failures, supporting root cause analysis and corrective actions.
Related Standards
Several ASTM standards are referenced within ASTM B765 and provide detailed procedures for specific tests, definitions, and quality criteria, including:
- ASTM B276 - Test Method for Apparent Porosity in Cemented Carbides
- ASTM B374 - Terminology Relating to Electroplating
- ASTM B537 - Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atmospheric Exposure
- ASTM B545 - Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin
- ASTM B605 - Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin-Nickel Alloy
- ASTM B650 - Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chromium Coatings on Ferrous Substrates
- ASTM B689 - Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
- ASTM B733 - Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
- ASTM B735 - Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor
- ASTM B798/B799 - Test Methods for Porosity in Gold, Palladium, or Silver Coatings
- ASTM B809 - Test Method for Porosity in Metallic Coatings by Humid Sulfur Vapor (“Flowers-of-Sulfur”)
- ASTM B866/B877 - Test Methods for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings
By referring to ASTM B765 and these related standards, organizations can establish validated, consistent quality control practices for electrodeposited and related metallic coatings, supporting both internal requirements and international trade.
Keywords: electrodeposits, porosity testing, gross defect detection, metallic coatings, quality assurance, electroplating standards, ASTM B765, surface engineering.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
- SKU
- ASTM B765-03(2023)
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