ASTM C1807-15(2023) PDF
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) Holdup Using Passive Neutron Measurement Methods
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) Holdup Using Passive Neutron Measurement Methods
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 12
- Дата публикации:
- 1 декабря 2023 г.
- Издание:
- C1807
- ICS:
- 27.120.30
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This guide assists in satisfying requirements in such areas as safeguards, SNM inventory control, nuclear criticality safety, waste disposal, and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). This guide can apply to the measurement of holdup in process equipment or discrete items whose neutron production properties may be measured or estimated. These methods may meet target accuracy for items with complex distributions of SNM in the presence of moderators, absorbers, and neutron poisons; however, the results are subject to larger measurement uncertainties than measurements of less complex items. 5.2 Quantitative Measurements—These measurements result in quantification of the mass of SNM in the holdup. They include all the corrections and descriptive information, such as isotopic composition, that are available. 5.2.1 High-quality results require detailed knowledge of radiation sources and detectors, radiation transport, calibration, facility operations, and error analysis. Consultation with qualified NDA personnel is recommended (Guide C1490). 5.2.2 Holdup estimates for a single piece of process equipment or piping often include some compilation of multiple measurements. The holdup estimate must appropriately combine the results of each individual measurement. In addition, uncertainty estimates for each individual measurement must be made and appropriately combined. 5.3 Scan—Radiation scanning, typically gamma, may be used to provide a qualitative description of the extent, location, and the relative quantity of holdup. It can be used to plan or supplement the quantitative neutron measurements. Other indicators (for example, visual) may also indicate a need for a holdup measurement. 5.4 Nuclide Mapping—To appropriately interpret the neutron data, the specific neutron yield is needed. Isotopic measurements to determine the relative isotopic composition of the holdup at specific locations may be required, depending on the facility. 5.5 Spot Check an... SCOPE 1.1 This guide describes passive neutron measurement methods used to nondestructively estimate the amount of neutron-emitting special nuclear material compounds remaining as holdup in nuclear facilities. Holdup occurs in all facilities in which nuclear material is processed. Material may exist, for example, in process equipment, in exhaust ventilation systems, and in building walls and floors. 1.1.1 The most frequent uses of passive neutron holdup techniques are for the measurement of uranium or plutonium deposits in processing facilities. 1.2 This guide includes information useful for management, planning, selection of equipment, consideration of interferences, measurement program definition, and the utilization of resources. 1.3 Counting modes include both singles (totals) or gross counting and neutron coincidence techniques. 1.3.1 Neutron holdup measurements of uranium are typically performed on neutrons emitted during (α, n) reactions and spontaneous fission using singles (totals) or gross counting. While the method does not preclude measurement using coincidence or multiplicity counting for uranium, measurement efficiency is generally not sufficient to permit assays in reasonable counting times. 1.3.2 For measurement of plutonium in gloveboxes, installed measurement equipment may provide sufficient efficiency for performing counting using neutron coincidence techniques in reasonable counting times. 1.4 The measurement of nuclear material holdup in process equipment requires a scientific knowledge of radiation sources and detectors, radiation transport, modeling methods, calibration, facility operations, and uncertainty analysis. It is subject to the constraints of the facility, management, budget, and schedule, plus health and safety requirements, as well as the laws of physics. This guide does not purport to instruct the NDA practitioner on these principles. 1.5 The measurement process includes...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM C1807-15(2023): Standard Guide for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) Holdup Using Passive Neutron Measurement Methods is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM. This guide outlines procedures and best practices for using passive neutron measurement techniques to nondestructively estimate the quantity of neutron-emitting special nuclear materials, such as uranium and plutonium, remaining as holdup within various types of nuclear process equipment and facilities.
Passive neutron measurement methods are crucial for ensuring effective safeguards, SNM inventory management, nuclear criticality safety, waste disposal, and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) activities. The standard supports facility management in planning, executing, and documenting holdup measurement programs, especially where holdup may occur in complicated or inaccessible areas such as process piping, exhaust systems, and building structures.
Key Topics
- Measurement Methods: The guide focuses on passive neutron measurement techniques using singles (totals/gross counting) and neutron coincidence counting. It addresses their use for both qualitative and quantitative holdup assessments.
- Application Scope: Primarily used for measuring uranium or plutonium deposits in processing facilities, these techniques are adapted to accommodate complex distributions, presence of neutron moderators/absorbers, and varying facility constraints.
- Measurement Planning & Execution:
- Selection of suitable equipment and detectors, considering efficiency, complexity, portability, and shielding requirements.
- Calibration using reference materials or surrogate standards, with traceability to national measurement institutes.
- Data evaluation, uncertainty estimation, and model validation using techniques like Monte Carlo simulations when required.
- Data Quality and Uncertainty:
- Importance of rigorous calibration and error analysis.
- Procedures for combining multiple measurements and propagating uncertainty correctly.
- Regular control measurements and scan assessments to ensure ongoing data reliability.
- Interferences and Background Correction: Guidance for mitigating biases from sources such as cosmic-ray spallation, environmental neutron backgrounds, chemical and isotopic variations, and matrix effects.
Applications
- Safeguards and Regulatory Compliance: Provides methodologies for satisfying national and international safeguards requirements by enabling accurate SNM holdup quantification.
- Inventory Control and Material Accounting: Supports periodic and spot-check measurements required for ongoing SNM accountancy, contributing to transparency and traceability.
- Criticality Safety Assessment: Ensures detection and management of residual material to minimize risks associated with unintended nuclear chain reactions.
- Waste Management and D&D: Essential in characterizing remaining SNM during facility cleanout, waste classification, and decontamination efforts.
- Quality Assurance: Facilitates compliance with broader nuclear quality management systems by referencing related ASTM guides for personnel qualification and laboratory quality controls.
Related Standards
Professionals implementing ASTM C1807-15(2023) should be aware of and may need to reference several related standards, including:
- ASTM C1009 - Guide for Establishing and Maintaining a Quality Assurance Program for Analytical Laboratories Within the Nuclear Industry
- ASTM C1455 - Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Special Nuclear Material Holdup Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Methods
- ASTM C1490 - Guide for the Selection, Training and Qualification of Nondestructive Assay (NDA) Personnel
- ASTM C1592/C1592M - Guide for Making Quality Nondestructive Assay Measurements
- ASTM C1673 - Terminology of C26.10 Nondestructive Assay Methods
- ANSI N15.20 - Guide to Calibrating Nondestructive Assay Systems
- NRC Regulatory Guide 5.23 - In-Situ Assay of Plutonium Residual Holdup
Practical Value
Adherence to ASTM C1807-15(2023) ensures that nuclear facilities can conduct reliable, auditable, and safe nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements of special nuclear material holdup. By following this guide, organizations enhance their ability to manage nuclear materials responsibly, meet compliance obligations, and implement robust safety practices, all while supporting efficient facility operations and regulatory reporting.
Keywords: ASTM C1807, passive neutron measurement, holdup assay, special nuclear material, SNM, nondestructive assay, uranium, plutonium, nuclear safeguards, criticality safety, inventory control, nuclear decommissioning, neutron coincidence counting, calibration, measurement uncertainty, decontamination, nuclear waste management.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
- SKU
- ASTM C1807-15(2023)
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