ASTM C1926-23 PDF
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Dissolution Rate Using Stirred Dilute Reactor Conditions on Monolithic Samples
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Dissolution Rate Using Stirred Dilute Reactor Conditions on Monolithic Samples
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 9
- Дата публикации:
- 1 февраля 2023 г.
- Издание:
- C1926
- ICS:
- 81.040.10
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method provides a description of the design of the Stirred Reactor Coupon Analysis (SRCA) apparatus and identifies aspects of the performance of the SRCA tests and interpretation of the test results that must be addressed by the experimenter to provide confidence in the measured dissolution rate. 5.2 The SRCA methods described in this test method can be used to characterize several aspects of glass corrosion that can be included in mechanistic models of long-term durability of glasses, including nuclear waste glasses. 5.3 Depending on the test parameters investigated, the SRCA results can be used to measure the intrinsic dilute glass dissolution rate, as well as the effects of conditions such as temperature, pH, and solution chemistry on the dissolution rate. 5.4 Due to the scalable nature of the method, it is particularly applicable to studies of the impact of glass composition on dilute-condition corrosion. Models of glass behavior can be parameterized by testing glass composition matrices and establishing quantitative structure-property relationships. 5.5 The step heights present on the corroded sample can be measured by a variety of techniques including profilometry (optical or stylus), atomic force microscopy, interferometry or other techniques capable of determining relative depths on a sample surface. The sample can also be interrogated with other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy to characterize the corrosion behavior. These further analyses can determine if the sample corroded homogenously and possible formation of secondary phases or leached layers. Occurrence of these features may impact the accuracy of glass dissolution. This test method does not address these solid-state characterizations. SCOPE 1.1 This test method describes a test method in which the dissolution rate of a homogenous silicate glass is measured through corrosion of monolithic samples in stirred dilute conditions. 1.2 Although the test method was designed for simulated nuclear waste glass compositions per Guide C1174, the method is applicable to glass compositions for other applications including, but not limited to, display glass, pharmaceutical glass, bioglass, and container glass compositions. 1.3 Various test solutions can be used at temperatures less than 100 °C. While the durability of the glass can be impacted by dissolving species from the glass, and thus the test can be conducted in dilute conditions or concentrated condition to determine the impact of such species, care must be taken to avoid, acknowledge, or account for the production of alteration layers which may confound the step height measurements. 1.4 The dissolution rate measured by this test is, by design, an average of all corrosion that occurs during the test. In dilute conditions, glass is assumed to dissolve congruently and the dissolution rate is assumed to be constant. 1.5 Tests are carried out via the placement of the monolithic samples in a large well-mixed volume of solution, achieving a high volume to surface area ratio resulting in dilute conditions with agitation of the solution. 1.6 This test method excludes test methods using powdered glass samples, or in which the reactor solution saturates with time. Glass fibers may be used without a mask if the diameter is known to high accuracy before the test. 1.7 Tests may be conducted with ASTM Type I water (see Specification D1193 and Terminology D1129), buffered water or other chemical solutions, simulated or actual groundwaters, biofluids, or other dissolving solutions. 1.8 Tests are conducted with monolithic glass samples with at least a single flat face. Although having two plane-parallel faces is helpful for certain step height measurements, it is not required. The geometric dimensions of the monolith are not required to be known. The reacted monolithic sample is to be analyzed following the reaction to measure a corroded d...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM C1926-23 is the internationally recognized standard test method for measuring the dissolution rate of homogeneous silicate glass using stirred dilute reactor conditions with monolithic samples. Developed by ASTM International, this standard outlines the design, use, and analytic approach for the Stirred Reactor Coupon Analysis (SRCA) method. It provides guidance for evaluating glass corrosion performance, which is vital to assessing the long-term chemical durability of glasses in a variety of critical applications, including nuclear waste glass containment, display glass, pharmaceutical glass, bioglass, and container glass.
Key Topics
- SRCA Apparatus Design: Describes the use of an agitated reaction vessel to maintain dilute conditions for the glass coupon, ensuring the accurate measurement of glass dissolution rates.
- Test Conditions: Tests are performed in well-mixed solutions at temperatures below 100°C, using ASTM Type I water, buffered solutions, simulated groundwaters, biofluids, or similar solvents.
- Glass Sample Requirements: Monolithic glass samples with at least one flat face are required; power-based or saturated systems are excluded.
- Step Height Measurement: The recession of the glass surface is quantified by measuring the step height between a masked (protected) and unmasked (exposed) area after testing, using techniques such as profilometry, atomic force microscopy, or interferometry.
- Influence of Test Parameters: Explores how factors such as temperature, pH, and solution chemistry impact the intrinsic glass dissolution rate.
- Quality Assurance and Reporting: Details the need for comprehensive documentation of sample preparation, test conditions, calculation methods, and results reporting.
Applications
ASTM C1926-23 is utilized for:
- Nuclear Waste Glass Evaluation: The test method is extensively applied in the nuclear industry to assess the long-term leaching behavior and chemical durability of vitrified radioactive waste glass, informing safety cases for geological disposal.
- Performance Modeling: SRCA data can be used to parameterize mechanistic models, supporting structure-property relationship development for glass corrosion.
- Material Development and Quality Control: Manufacturers of display glass, pharmaceutical packaging, bioglass, and container glass use the method to verify product stability and optimize compositions for resistance to corrosion under dilute conditions.
- Academic and Industrial Research: Researchers employ ASTM C1926-23 to study fundamental glass dissolution mechanisms, validate corrosion models, and investigate the impact of compositional changes on durability.
Related Standards
This standard interfaces with a suite of relevant ASTM documents, including:
- ASTM C1174: Guide for Evaluation of Long-Term Behavior of Materials Used in Engineered Barrier Systems for High-Level Radioactive Waste.
- ASTM C1662: Practice for Measurement of Glass Dissolution Rate Using the Single-Pass Flow-Through Test Method.
- ASTM C1220: Test Method for Static Leaching of Monolithic Waste Forms.
- ASTM D1193: Specification for Reagent Water.
- ASTM D1293: Test Methods for pH of Water.
- ASTM D859: Test Method for Silica in Water.
- ASTM C693: Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy.
Practical Value
Adherent use of ASTM C1926-23 ensures reproducible, high-confidence measurements of glass dissolution rates that are critical for safety, product development, and regulatory compliance. The test method delivers clear procedures for the consistent evaluation of corrosion resistance, supports regulatory submissions, and enhances quality assurance for industries reliant on glass durability. Its proven repeatability and reproducibility, demonstrated through interlaboratory studies, make ASTM C1926-23 an essential method for material scientists, environmental engineers, and industry stakeholders concerned with the long-term integrity of glass materials.
Keywords: glass dissolution rate, ASTM C1926-23, glass corrosion, SRCA test method, nuclear waste glass, chemical durability, glass performance testing, glass leaching, corrosion resistance.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
- SKU
- ASTM C1926-23
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