ASTM D2140-23e1 PDF
Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 4
- Дата публикации:
- 1 декабря 2023 г.
- Издание:
- D2140
- ICS:
- 29.040.10
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The primary purpose of this practice is to characterize the carbon-type composition of an oil. It is also applicable in observing the effect on oil constitution, of various refining processes such as hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and so forth. It has secondary application in relating the chemical nature of an oil to other phenomena that have been demonstrated to be related to oil composition. 5.2 Results obtained by this practice are similar to, but not identical with, results obtained from Test Method D3238. The relationship between the two and the equations used in deriving Fig. 1 are discussed in the literature.4 5.3 Although this practice tends to give consistent results, it may not compare with direct measurement test methods such as Test Method D2007. SCOPE 1.1 This practice may be used to determine the carbon-type composition of mineral insulating oils by correlation with basic physical properties. For routine analytical purposes it eliminates the necessity for complex fractional separation and purification procedures. The practice is applicable to oils having average molecular weights from 200 to above 600, and 0 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms. 1.2 Carbon-type composition is expressed as percentage of aromatic carbons, percentage of naphthenic carbons, and percentage of paraffinic carbons. These values can be obtained from the correlation chart, Fig. 1, if both the viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) and refractivity intercept (ri) of the oil are known. Viscosity, density and relative density (specific gravity), and refractive index are the only experimental data required for use of this test method. FIG. 1 Correlation Chart for Determining % CA, % CN, and % CP 1.3 This practice is useful for determining the carbon-type composition of electrical insulating oils of the types commonly used in electric power transformers and transmission cables. It is primarily intended for use with new oils, either inhibited or uninhibited. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D2140-23e1 is the recognized international standard for calculating the carbon-type composition of insulating oils of petroleum origin. Developed by ASTM International, this standard practice enables users to characterize mineral insulating oils by identifying the distribution of carbon types-aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic-based on correlations with basic physical properties. This method eliminates the need for complex fractional separation and purification, making it highly practical for routine laboratory analysis and quality control in the power and energy sector. The standard applies to oils commonly used in electric power transformers and transmission cables, helping ensure optimal performance and longevity of critical electrical infrastructure.
Key Topics
- Carbon-Type Composition: The standard expresses oil composition as the percentage of aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic carbons, supporting detailed characterization for quality assurance and troubleshooting.
- Physical Property Correlation: Calculation is based on measurable properties-viscosity, density (specific gravity), and refractive index-streamlining testing procedures.
- Applicable Oil Types: Suitable for mineral insulating oils with average molecular weights from 200 to above 600, containing 0 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms. Both inhibited and uninhibited new oils are covered.
- Practical Testing Approach: The practice leverages a correlation chart, using the viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) and refractivity intercept (ri), derived from standard test methods.
- Simple Laboratory Requirements: Utilizes routinely available test methods (ASTM D445, D4052, D1218, D7042, etc.) and standard laboratory apparatus.
Applications
ASTM D2140-23e1 finds wide application in industries where mineral insulating oils are critical for electrical equipment performance:
- Electric Power Industry: Used for characterizing new transformer oils and transmission cable oils, supporting decisions on oil selection, quality monitoring, and maintenance planning.
- Refining and Quality Control Processes: Allows evaluation of refining techniques (e.g., hydrotreating, solvent extraction) by tracking changes in oil constitution through carbon-type analysis.
- Research and Development: Facilitates correlation between the chemical nature of oils and operational phenomena, such as aging, degradation, or compatibility with equipment materials.
- Comparative Analysis: Offers results comparable to, though not identical with, ASTM D3238; provides a consistent basis for tracking oil characteristics without complex analytical steps.
- Regulatory Compliance and Reporting: Enables standardized reporting of oil composition for specifications, procurement, and regulatory documentation.
Related Standards
Practitioners incorporating ASTM D2140-23e1 in their processes may also reference the following related ASTM standards:
- ASTM D445: Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
- ASTM D4052: Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
- ASTM D1218: Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
- ASTM D7042: Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer
- ASTM D923: Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
- ASTM D2007: Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Petroleum-Derived Oils (for direct measurement comparison)
- ASTM D3238: Test Method for Carbon Distribution and Structural Analysis of Petroleum Oils
Practical Value
By implementing ASTM D2140-23e1, laboratories and industry professionals can reliably characterize the carbon-type composition of insulating oils with minimal equipment and operational complexity. This supports effective monitoring, specification compliance, and quality assurance in power equipment applications where oil performance and stability are critical for safety and operational efficiency.
Keywords: ASTM D2140, insulating oil analysis, carbon-type composition, transformer oil, mineral oil testing, power transformer maintenance, petroleum insulating oils, oil characterization, viscosity-gravity constant, power industry standards.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
- SKU
- ASTM D2140-23e1
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