ASTM D2261-13(2024) PDF
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 6
- Дата публикации:
- 1 января 2024 г.
- Издание:
- D2261
- ICS:
- 59.080.30
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias. 5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength. 5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a te... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine. 1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1. 1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting. 1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear. 1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D2261-13(2024), titled Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine), sets out a widely recognized procedure for measuring the tearing strength of textile fabrics. Developed by ASTM International, this standard provides a reliable and repeatable method used in the textile industry for acceptance testing and quality assurance of commercial fabric shipments.
The method uses a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine to determine the force required to continue a tear previously initiated in the fabric using a tongue-shaped cut. It can be applied to a broad range of fabrics-woven, knit, non-woven, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise finished-and accommodates various testing conditions, including wet testing.
Key Topics
- Test Methodology: The tongue (single rip) procedure involves cutting the specimen into a trouser-shape, gripping each tongue end in the machine jaws, and recording the force as the tear progresses.
- Preferred Equipment: A CRE tensile testing machine is standard for this test, but a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile tester may be used by agreement between parties.
- Applicability: Suitable for most textile materials including woven fabrics, knits, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped and pile fabrics, and non-wovens. Fabrics can be tested untreated, sized, coated, or treated.
- Test Specimen Preparation: Detailed guidance ensures consistent sample size, orientation (machine and cross-machine directions), and moisture conditioning for both standard and wet testing conditions.
- Data Analysis: Results can be reported either as the single highest peak force or as the average of the five highest peaks observed during tearing. This reflects the empirical nature of the test.
- Statistical Practices: Ensures between-laboratory precision is acceptable for commercial trade. In case of discrepancies, comparative laboratory testing with statistical analysis is recommended.
- Reporting Requirements: Emphasizes clear documentation, including specimen condition, calculation methods, equipment details, and any deviations from the standard.
Applications
- Quality Control: Extensively used for acceptance testing in the textile trade, ensuring products meet required tear strength specifications before shipment.
- Product Development: Provides comparative performance data for different fabric types, finishes, or treatments, useful in research and development.
- Dispute Resolution: Offers a standard approach for determining fabric tearing strength in case of commercial disputes regarding test results.
- Varied Fabric Types: Employable across multiple fabric constructions and finishes, including those for specialized uses such as airbags or industrial textiles.
- Wet and Dry Testing: The method includes specific instructions for both standard (conditioned) and wet specimen testing, supporting applications in moisture-sensitive environments.
Related Standards
The ASTM D2261-13(2024) test method references and aligns with several other key ASTM standards to ensure methodological consistency:
- ASTM D76/D76M: Specification for tensile testing machines for textiles.
- ASTM D123: Terminology relating to textiles.
- ASTM D1776/D1776M: Practice for conditioning and testing textiles.
- ASTM D4850: Terminology relating to fabrics and fabric test methods.
- ASTM D4848: Terminology related to force, deformation, and related properties of textiles.
Additional withdrawn standards such as ASTM D629, D2904, and D2906 are referenced for historical procedures involving textile analysis, interlaboratory testing, and statements of precision and bias.
Practical Value
Adherence to ASTM D2261 ensures reliable, repeatable results critical for suppliers, buyers, and laboratories involved in textile materials. The method’s flexibility across diverse fabrics and treatment conditions, combined with its statistical rigor and international recognition, makes it a cornerstone for fabric performance evaluation and commercial quality assurance in the global textile industry.
Keywords: tearing strength, fabric testing, tongue tear method, textile testing, ASTM D2261, CRE tensile testing, fabric quality control, textile standards.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D13 - Textiles
- SKU
- ASTM D2261-13(2024)
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