ASTM D2425-23 PDF
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 18
- Дата публикации:
- 1 декабря 2023 г.
- Издание:
- D2425
- ICS:
- 75.080
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. 5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided. 1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content. Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure. Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content. Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D2425-23 is the Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry. Developed by ASTM International, this standard provides a robust analytical approach to determine hydrocarbon types present in both conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons with boiling ranges from 160°C to 343°C (320°F to 650°F). Accurate hydrocarbon characterization is essential for monitoring process streams, troubleshooting plant upsets, and evaluating product performance-especially in sectors using aviation turbine fuels and middle distillates.
Key Topics
- Analytical Scope: Applies to petroleum products and process streams with paraffin carbon numbers between C10 and C18, targeting samples with negligible olefin content.
- Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Uses mass spectrometry (either magnetic sector or quadrupole type) to identify eleven distinct hydrocarbon classes, including paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatic compounds, and polycyclic aromatics.
- Sample Fractionation: Requires separating samples into saturate and aromatic fractions before mass spectrometric analysis. Techniques referenced include modified ASTM D1319 and D6379 procedures.
- Critical Parameters:
- Detects paraffins, non-condensed and condensed cycloparaffins, various aromatic subtypes, and tricyclic aromatics.
- Demonstrates suitability for full boiling range products with low olefin content.
- Biodiesel components (FAMEs) and hydrocarbons with tertiary carbon atoms may interfere with results.
- Results: Data are reported as mass percent composition for each hydrocarbon type, supporting informed product quality and process control decisions.
Applications
ASTM D2425-23 is widely utilized in the petroleum and fuels industries for:
- Quality Control: Ensuring middle distillate fuels, kerosene, diesel, and aviation turbine fuels meet specifications for hydrocarbon composition, particularly cycloparaffin and aromatic content.
- Process Optimization: Tracking effects of process adjustments on stream composition, thus supporting efficiency and yield improvements.
- Troubleshooting: Diagnosing composition-related plant upsets by pinpointing the presence and quantity of specific hydrocarbon types.
- Product Development: Evaluating new fuel formulations, especially those containing synthesized hydrocarbons, to meet performance and regulatory requirements.
- Fuel Specification Compliance: Determining low-level aromatic content-critical for aviation turbine fuels derived from synthetic sources.
This method is particularly valuable for refineries, fuel testing labs, and R&D departments needing precise, reproducible hydrocarbon profile data for process and product validation.
Related Standards
ASTM D2425-23 references several related ASTM standards integral to hydrocarbon analysis workflows:
- ASTM D86: Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D1319: Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
- ASTM D2549: Separation of Representative Aromatics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution Chromatography
- ASTM D4175: Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- ASTM D6300: Precision and Bias Data Determination in Test Methods for Petroleum Products
- ASTM D6379: Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates via HPLC
- ASTM E355: Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM D2425-23 ensures reliable, standardized hydrocarbon type analysis in middle distillates, supporting compliance, product integrity, and operational excellence. By using this test method, organizations gain accurate, repeatable data critical for meeting both regulatory requirements and performance criteria in fuels and lubricants.
For professionals involved in fuel quality or petrochemical analysis, this standard is an essential tool for leveraging mass spectrometry in routine and advanced hydrocarbon characterization.
Keywords: ASTM D2425-23, hydrocarbon types, mass spectrometry, middle distillates, synthesized hydrocarbons, paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics, petroleum testing, aviation fuel analysis.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D2425-23
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