ASTM D2699-24a PDF
Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 48
- Дата публикации:
- 1 мая 2024 г.
- Издание:
- D2699
- ICS:
- 75.160.20
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation. 5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines. 5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation: Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations. 5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals. This is more commonly presented as: 5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States. 5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates. 5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications. SCOPE 1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N. 1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D2699-24a, "Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel," is a key international standard developed by ASTM International. This standard provides a laboratory test method for quantitatively determining the research octane number (Research O.N.) of liquid spark-ignition engine fuels, including those with up to 25% ethanol content. The procedure involves testing the fuel in a standardized single-cylinder, four-stroke, variable compression ratio Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine under controlled conditions and comparing its knock intensity to that of primary reference fuel blends.
The research octane number is a primary indicator for the antiknock quality of gasoline and is directly relevant to the performance, efficiency, and emissions of automotive spark-ignition engines.
Key Topics
- Research Octane Number (Research O.N.): This is a quantitative measure of a fuel's resistance to engine knock under mild operating conditions.
- Primary Reference Fuels (PRF): The octane number scale is established by volumetric blends of n-heptane and isooctane, the fundamental reference compounds used in the test method.
- Knock Measurement: The standard requires precise adjustment of the fuel-air ratio and engine compression to measure knock intensity, or abnormal combustion, compared to reference fuels.
- Test Method Range: The working range is from 40 to 120 Research O.N., covering typical commercial automotive fuels which usually rate between 88 and 101.
- Applicability: The method applies to most gasoline fuels, including those with oxygenates such as ethanol, though it may not be suitable for blends primarily composed of oxygenates.
- Quality Assurance: The standard emphasizes proper sample handling, storage, blending procedures, and instrumentation calibration to ensure accurate and repeatable results.
- Safety Considerations: Various safety, health, and environmental precautions are highlighted, including proper ventilation, handling of flammable liquids, and compliance with regulatory guidelines.
Applications
ASTM D2699-24a plays a crucial role in the fuel, automotive, and refining industries:
- Fuel Manufacturers: Determines the research octane number of gasoline, which is vital for product development, blending, and quality control.
- Engine Manufacturers: Utilizes octane ratings for engine design and to ensure compatibility between engines and available fuel grades.
- Fuel Marketers and Retailers: Relies on research octane number (combined with Motor O.N. per ASTM D2700) to derive the antiknock index, the fuel rating displayed at retail pumps in many regions, particularly the USA.
- Regulatory Compliance: Ensures fuels meet specifications such as ASTM D4814 for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
- International Use: Supports the matching of fuels to vehicles in markets worldwide and is referenced in manufacturer manuals and government regulations.
- Stationary & Nonautomotive Engines: Provides essential quality data for applications beyond automotive, such as industrial engines.
Related Standards
For consistent and reliable measurement of gasoline properties, ASTM D2699-24a is commonly used alongside several related standards, including:
- ASTM D2700 - Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel (companion test for more severe conditions)
- ASTM D4814 - Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel (defines fuel quality in North America)
- ASTM D4057 / D4177 - Practices for Manual and Automatic Sampling of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D2268 - Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane
- ASTM D6299 - Statistical Quality Assurance for Analytical Measurement System Performance
- ANSI C-39.1 - Requirements for Electrical Analog Indicating Instruments
- Energy Institute IP 224/02 - For lead content analysis in light petroleum distillates
By adhering to ASTM D2699-24a, stakeholders ensure compatibility, safety, and efficiency in the global supply and utilization of spark-ignition engine fuels. This standard is essential for anyone involved in the testing, production, regulation, or sale of gasoline and related fuels.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D2699-24a
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