ASTM D2914-15(2022) PDF
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 15
- Дата публикации:
- 1 марта 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D2914
- ICS:
- 13.040.20
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare. 5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8). 5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2. 5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere. 1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL. 1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample. 1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h. 1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described. 1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm. Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4. Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D2914-15(2022): Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method) establishes reliable procedures for detecting and quantifying sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in ambient or workplace air. Developed by ASTM, this international standard details the bubbler collection and colorimetric measurement of SO₂, accommodating detection from as low as 25 μg/m³ (0.01 ppm) up to 1000 μg/m³ (0.4 ppm). The West-Gaeke method remains widely accepted for compliance with air quality regulations and industrial hygiene protocols.
Key Topics
- Sulfur Dioxide as a Pollutant: SO₂ is recognized as a significant air pollutant arising primarily from combustion of sulfur-containing fuels. Its measurement is crucial for environmental protection and occupational safety.
- Regulatory Alignment: The methods conform to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference methods for ambient air quality and support OSHA requirements for workplace exposures.
- Dual Methods (A and B):
- Method A: Offers higher sensitivity and aligns with EPA reference methods but may have a higher background blank.
- Method B: Is pH-dependent and suitable for optical spectrometers with broader spectral bandwidths.
- Range and Sensitivity: The test can reliably measure SO₂ concentrations from 25 to 1000 μg/m³, with the detection limit as low as 0.075 μg/mL in solution.
- Sampling Flexibility: Enables sampling over time periods from 30 minutes to 24 hours, supporting both short- and long-term monitoring needs.
- Safety Considerations: Use of mercury compounds mandates stringent safety and environmental precautions in line with regulatory requirements.
Applications
The West-Gaeke Method described in ASTM D2914-15(2022) is essential for several practical applications:
- Ambient Air Monitoring: Used by environmental agencies to measure sulfur dioxide near industrial sources and urban areas, helping ensure compliance with air quality standards.
- Workplace Exposure Assessment: Utilized by industrial hygienists to monitor worker exposure in locations where sulfur dioxide may be present, ensuring adherence to OSHA exposure limits.
- Regulatory Compliance: Both federal and state authorities reference this standard for enforcing public health and environmental welfare through air quality monitoring programs.
- Industrial Emission Studies: Applied in power plants, refineries, and manufacturing facilities to evaluate emission controls and abatement strategies for sulfur dioxide.
- Laboratory Analysis: Employed in analytical laboratories for validation and calibration of other SO₂ detection methods.
Related Standards
To supplement and ensure the accurate implementation of ASTM D2914-15(2022), several related standards and practices are commonly referenced:
- ASTM D1193 - Specification for Reagent Water: Defines requirements for water purity, critical for analytical procedures.
- ASTM D1356 - Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres: Provides key definitions.
- ASTM D1357 - Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere.
- ASTM D3195 - Practice for Rotameter Calibration.
- ASTM D3609 - Calibration Techniques Using Permeation Tubes.
- ASTM D3631 - Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure.
- EPA 40 CFR Part 58 - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria from Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.
- Additional guidance from OSHA and EPA for sample collection, handling, and health risk management.
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM D2914-15(2022) ensures accurate, consistent, and regulatory-compliant measurement of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Its adherence to international standardization principles, flexibility in sampling duration, sensitivity to low concentrations, and cross-compatibility with regulatory reference methods make it indispensable for environmental laboratories, regulatory agencies, and industrial workplaces concerned with air quality and health impacts of SO₂ exposure.
Keywords: ASTM D2914-15, sulfur dioxide measurement, West-Gaeke method, air quality testing, SO₂ analysis, environmental compliance, occupational exposure, air sampling standards, EPA reference method.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D22 - Air Quality
- SKU
- ASTM D2914-15(2022)
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