ASTM D5528/D5528M-21 PDF
Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 14
- Дата публикации:
- 15 ноября 2021 г.
- Издание:
- D5528/D5528M
- ICS:
- 83.120
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major design concerns for many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of a laminated composite material's resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Furthermore, a measurement of the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness that is independent of specimen geometry or method of force introduction is useful for establishing design allowables used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures. Knowledge of both the non-precracked and precracked toughness allows the appropriate value to be used for the application of interest. 5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes: 5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on GIc of a particular composite material; 5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of GIc for composite materials with different constituents; 5.2.3 To compare quantitatively the values of GIc obtained from different batches of a specific composite material, for example, to use as a material screening criterion or to develop a design allowable; and 5.2.4 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses. SCOPE 1.1 This test method describes the determination of the opening mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates using the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen (Fig. 1). FIG. 1 Double Cantilever Beam Specimen 1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon-fiber and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates with brittle or tough single-phase polymer matrices. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round-robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see 6.6). 1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D5528/D5528M-21: Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM. This test method is essential for evaluating the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIc) of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, mainly those reinforced with carbon or glass fibers and containing brittle or tough single-phase polymer matrices.
The key value measured, Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, provides fundamental data on a material’s resistance to delamination-a critical failure mode in advanced laminated composite structures. Using the double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimen, this method delivers standardized results independent of specimen geometry and force introduction, supporting both material selection and design allowables for damage-tolerant structures.
Key Topics
- Delamination Resistance: Quantifies a composite's resistance to interlaminar crack growth, crucial for structural integrity and reliability.
- Material Selection and Quality Control: Enables direct comparison of GIc values among batches, constituent variations, and under different environmental or processing conditions.
- Test Specimen: Focuses on unidirectional laminate composites using the DCB geometry, pre-implanted with a non-adhesive insert for controlled crack initiation.
- Standardized Procedures: Specifies test setup, specimen preparation, dimensional requirements, force and displacement measurement, and result calculation, ensuring repeatability and international consistency.
- Applicability: Developed for unidirectional carbon and glass fiber composites but may give useful insights into other systems, recognizing potential interferences with other laminate architectures or multi-phase matrices.
Applications
ASTM D5528/D5528M-21 is widely used by:
- Aerospace and Automotive Industries: For qualifying new materials, comparing suppliers, and certifying composite structures for airframes, body panels, and other critical components.
- Research and Development: To study the influence of fiber surface treatments, resin systems, and environmental aging on fracture toughness.
- Quality Assurance: Screening materials by batch to maintain consistent mechanical performance and compliance with design specifications.
- Design and Safety Engineering: Providing input for damage tolerance and durability analysis, especially when establishing structural integrity requirements and failure criteria.
- Material Database Development: Supplying standardized fracture toughness data for engineers and designers.
The results help inform decisions about:
- Damage tolerance approaches
- Suitability of new composite formulations or surface treatments
- Selection between competing suppliers or lots
- Ensuring long-term performance under expected operational environments
Related Standards
ASTM D5528/D5528M-21 references and complements several other ASTM standards crucial for composite materials testing, including:
- ASTM D7905/D7905M: Test Method for Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composites
- ASTM D792: Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity of Plastics
- ASTM D2584: Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
- ASTM D2734: Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
- ASTM D3171: Constituent Content of Composite Materials
- ASTM D5229/D5229M: Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
- ASTM E4: Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
Using ASTM D5528/D5528M-21 in conjunction with these standards ensures a robust and comprehensive mechanical characterization of fiber-reinforced composite laminates.
Keywords: ASTM D5528, Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, unidirectional composites, double cantilever beam test, polymer matrix composites, delamination, quality control, composite material testing.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D30 - Composite Materials
- SKU
- ASTM D5528/D5528M-21
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