ASTM D6031/D6031M-24 PDF
Standard Test Method for Logging In Situ Moisture Content and Density of Soil and Rock by the Nuclear Method in Horizontal, Slanted, and Vertical Access Tubes
Standard Test Method for Logging In Situ Moisture Content and Density of Soil and Rock by the Nuclear Method in Horizontal, Slanted, and Vertical Access Tubes
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 10
- Дата публикации:
- 1 января 2024 г.
- Издание:
- D6031/D6031M
- ICS:
- 71.040.50
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method is useful as a repeatable, nondestructive technique to monitor in-place density and moisture of soil and rock along lengthy sections of horizontal, slanted, and vertical access holes or tubes. With proper calibration in accordance with Annex A1, this test method can be used to quantify changes in density and moisture content of soil and rock. 5.2 This test method is used in vadose zone monitoring, for performance assessment of engineered barriers at waste facilities, and for research related to monitoring the movement of liquids (water solutions and hydrocarbons) through soil and rock. The nondestructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements at a site and statistical analysis of results. 5.3 The fundamental assumptions inherent in the density measurement portion of this test method are that Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption are the dominant interactions of the gamma rays with the material under test. 5.4 The probe response, in counts, can be converted to wet density by comparing the detected rate of gamma radiation with previously established calibration data (see Annex A1). 5.5 The probe count response may also be utilized directly for unitless, relative comparison with other probe readings. 5.5.1 For materials of densities higher than that of about the density of water, higher count rates within the same soil type relate to lower densities and, conversely, lower count rates within the same soil type relate to higher densities. 5.5.2 For materials of densities lower than the density of water, higher count rates within the same soil type relate to higher densities and, conversely, lower count rates within the same soil type relate to lower densities. 5.5.3 Because of the functional inflection of probe response for densities near the density of water, exercise great care when drawing conclusions from probe response in this density range. 5.6 The fundamental assumption inherent in the moisture meas... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers collection and comparison of logs of thermalized-neutron counts and back-scattered gamma counts along horizontal or vertical air-filled access tubes. 1.2 For limitations, see Section 6, “Interferences.” 1.3 The in situ water content in mass per unit volume and the density in mass per unit volume of soil and rock at positions or in intervals along the length of an access tube are calculated by comparing the thermal neutron count rate and gamma count rates respectively to previously established calibration data. 1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text of this standard, SI units appear first followed by the inch-pound (or other non-SI) units in brackets 1.4.1 Reporting the test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with the standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.6 This standard does not ...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6031/D6031M-24 is the internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International for measuring and logging in situ soil and rock moisture content and density. This Standard Test Method details the use of the nuclear method via access tubes installed in horizontal, slanted, and vertical orientations. This nondestructive testing protocol enables the repeatable and precise monitoring of changes in density and moisture content, addressing critical applications in geotechnical, environmental, and engineering investigations.
By leveraging calibrated neutron and gamma count data, practitioners can collect valuable geotechnical information while preserving site integrity-enabling multiple measurements over time for robust, statistically significant analysis.
Key Topics
- Nondestructive In Situ Testing: Utilizes nuclear methods (thermalized-neutron counts and back-scattered gamma counts) for direct, nondestructive logging of soil and rock properties.
- Calibration and Standardization: Requires regular calibration using field or laboratory-established standards and routine daily standardization to ensure data integrity.
- Moisture Content Logging: Measures hydrogen presence, typically from water molecules in soil and rock, offering reliable moisture assessment through thermal neutron response.
- Density Measurement: Converts gamma probe response into wet density values based on established calibration curves, essential for accurate soil and rock characterization.
- Access Tube Versatility: Applicable to horizontal, vertical, and slanted access tubes, accommodating a variety of project and site conditions.
- Statistical Analysis and Repeatability: Supports repetitive site measurements, allowing for detailed time series analysis and detection of significant changes in subsurface conditions.
Applications
ASTM D6031/D6031M-24 offers practical value across various industries:
- Vadose Zone Monitoring: Critical for tracking unsaturated zone soil moisture and density changes, relevant in groundwater recharge studies and contaminant migration monitoring.
- Waste Facility Barrier Assessment: Evaluates the performance of engineered barriers at waste disposal sites by observing in-place material conditions without intrusive sampling.
- Leak Detection and Fluid Migration Studies: Monitors the movement of water solutions and hydrocarbons within soil and rock, supporting environmental and hydrogeological research.
- Geotechnical Investigations: Provides real-time, repeatable data for infrastructure projects, such as embankment construction, tunneling, and site remediation.
- Long-term Environmental Research: Enables trend analysis through repeated nondestructive measurements, aiding in climate, agricultural, and land restoration studies.
Related Standards
The following ASTM standards are often referenced alongside or in support of ASTM D6031/D6031M-24:
- ASTM D653: Terminology relating to soil, rock, and contained fluids.
- ASTM D2216: Laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock.
- ASTM D2937: Density of soil in place by drive-cylinder method.
- ASTM D3017: Water content of soil and rock in place by nuclear methods.
- ASTM D5195: Density of soil and rock in place at depths below surface by nuclear methods.
- ASTM D6026: Practices for using significant digits and data records in geotechnical data.
- ASTM D5220: Water mass per unit volume of soil and rock in place by the neutron depth probe method.
Practical Value
ASTM D6031/D6031M-24 is essential for professionals seeking accurate, repeatable, and nondestructive in situ measurement of soil and rock moisture content and density. The method’s adaptability to different access tube orientations and support for continuous or discrete logging make it highly versatile for diverse geotechnical and environmental projects. Its reliance on calibration ensures reliable quantitative and comparative results, making it a cornerstone in the toolkit of engineers, researchers, and environmental scientists.
Keywords: in situ moisture content, in-place soil density, nuclear method, horizontal access tubes, vertical access tubes, slanted tubes, vadose zone monitoring, engineered barrier assessment, geotechnical testing, ASTM D6031/D6031M-24.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D18 - Soil and Rock
- SKU
- ASTM D6031/D6031M-24
Похожие стандарты
Другие стандарты ASTM
ASTM-TPT-47
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
ASTM-TPT-8
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Practices For Commercial Real Estate: Phase I Site Assessment & Transac…
ASTM-TPT-1137
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM-TPT-1202
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Ma…
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method -- eLearning Course
ASTM-TPT-691
Microaprendizagem para D4057: Amostragem de ponto (PT)
D4057 Microlearning: Spot Sampling Portuguese
ASTM-TPT-1091
Metodo de prueba estandar D4052 de ASTM -- Curso de aprendizaje electrónico (ES)
Modulo eLearning para ASTM D4052 en espanol
ASTM ACEM20180086
Using Neutron Radiography to Quantify the Settlement of Fresh Concrete
Specifications have been implemented for concrete bridge decks in North America that restrict the use of higher slump concrete mixtures primarily because of concerns about differential settlement and…
ASTM ACEM20180041
Experimental Study of Competing Failure of Reinforced Concrete Based on the Weibull Distribution
To predict the failure lifetime of reinforced concrete, a current accelerating corrosion test was performed on concrete by simulating the environment in an area with saline soil. To study the concret…