ASTM D6093-97(2022) PDF
Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 4
- Дата публикации:
- 1 декабря 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D6093
- ICS:
- 25.220.01
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method measures the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for calculating the volatile organic content (VOC) of a coating and could be used to estimate the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products. Note 1: In Practice D3960 paragraph 10.3.1, the equation for calculating the VOC content using the percent volume nonvolatile is given. Prior to this method a satisfactory procedure for measuring percent volume nonvolatile did not exist (see Note 11 in Practice D3960). Note 2: Since the actual coverage of a coating includes the void volume and the porosity of the film, the coverage value calculated from this method will be inaccurate by that amount, that is, the actual coverage will be greater. The higher the pigment to binder ratio (P/B) of a coating or the higher content of void containing material (latices, hollow beads, etc.) or both, the greater will be the deviation of the coverage calculation (This is also true to a lesser degree with Test Method D2697). 4.2 For various reasons the volume nonvolatile value obtained for a coating is often not equal to that predicted from simple linear addition of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients. Such contraction or expansion of resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent. 4.3 The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating film. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent volume nonvolatile matter of a variety of clear and pigmented coatings. The approach used should provide faster and more accurate results than the use of the liquid displacement technique in Test Method D2697, particularly for coatings that are difficult to wet or that contain voids, cracks or other defects. The improvement in accuracy stems from the superior ability of helium gas under pressure to penetrate very small pores and surface irregularities in dried films. This provides a more accurate determination of void volumes than can be obtained via liquid displacement. 1.2 The technique will provide results under the following constraints: 1.2.1 The stability of the helium gas pycnometer is greater than ±0.005 cm3. 1.2.2 Test specimen weights are greater than 1 g. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6093-97(2022), titled Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer, is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International. This test method provides a reliable means to determine the percent volume of nonvolatile matter present in both clear and pigmented coatings. Enhanced accuracy is achieved by employing a helium gas pycnometer, making this method a preferred choice over traditional liquid displacement techniques, particularly for coatings that are difficult to wet or contain voids and surface defects.
The primary value of this test is to accurately measure the nonvolatile solids content on a volume basis, which is a critical parameter for calculating volatile organic compound (VOC) content and estimating coating coverage.
Key Topics
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Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter The method focuses on determining the actual volume of nonvolatile content in a dried or baked film, rather than relying on theoretical calculations from raw materials.
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Helium Gas Pycnometer Technique Using helium, which penetrates extremely small pores and irregularities, provides more precise results compared to liquid methods, especially with challenging samples.
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VOC Calculation and Coverage Estimation The results enable more accurate calculations of VOC content and provide data for estimating surface area coverage at a specified dry film thickness.
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Effects of Coating Composition The standard highlights how factors like pigment-to-binder ratio, void-containing materials (e.g., latices and hollow beads), and pigment configuration affect results.
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Practical Constraints and Safety The method specifies operational constraints, such as specimen weight and pycnometer stability, and stresses the need for appropriate safety and environmental practices.
Applications
ASTM D6093-97(2022) is widely applicable across industries that manufacture or use coatings, including:
-
Paints and Protective Coatings Ideal for paint manufacturers, quality control labs, and R&D departments seeking accurate volume solids measurements for product development or regulatory compliance.
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Construction and Industrial Coatings Ensures accurate application rates and VOC calculations for building paints and industrial finishes.
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Environmental Compliance Facilitates precise VOC content determination, supporting regulatory and sustainability initiatives.
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Quality Assurance Supports comparative analysis between coating batches and competitor products by providing repeatable, quantitative data on film density and volume solids.
This methodology is particularly valuable for testing coatings with notable surface irregularities, internal voids, or unique formulations where traditional liquid displacement may be unreliable.
Related Standards
Several ASTM standards provide complementary methods and background for determining coating properties and supporting compliance:
- ASTM D1475 – Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
- ASTM D2369 – Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
- ASTM D2697 – Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings
- ASTM D3960 – Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
- ASTM D4708 – Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings
Summary
The ASTM D6093-97(2022) standard test method delivers a more accurate and efficient means to determine the percent volume of nonvolatile matter in coatings, leveraging the advanced capabilities of a helium gas pycnometer. By improving precision in VOC content calculation and offering deeper insight into actual coating coverage, this method supports quality assurance, product innovation, and regulatory compliance across a wide spectrum of coating applications. Proper adherence to this standard leads to improved coating performance documentation and better alignment with environmental standards and customer expectations.
Keywords: nonvolatile matter in coatings, helium gas pycnometer, ASTM D6093, paint film density, VOC content, coating coverage estimation, volume solids, paint industry standards.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- SKU
- ASTM D6093-97(2022)
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