ASTM D6311-98(2022) PDF
Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design
Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 25
- Дата публикации:
- 1 марта 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D6311
- ICS:
- 13.030.01
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 The intended use of this guide is to provide practical assistance in the development of an optimized sampling design. This standard describes or discusses: 4.1.1 Sampling design selection criteria, 4.1.2 Factors impacting the choice of a sampling design, 4.1.3 Selection of a sampling design, 4.1.4 Techniques for optimizing candidate designs, and 4.1.5 The criteria for evaluating an optimized sampling design. 4.2 Within a formal USEPA data generation activity, the planning process or data quality objectives (DQOs) development is the first step. The second and third are the implementation of the sampling and analysis design and the data quality assessment. Within the DQO planning process, the selection and optimization of the sampling design is the last step, and therefore, the culmination of the DQO process. The preceding steps in the DQO planning process address: 4.2.1 The problem that needs to be addressed, 4.2.2 The possible decisions, 4.2.3 The data input and associated activities, 4.2.4 The boundaries of the study, 4.2.5 The development of decision rules, and 4.2.6 The specified the limits on decision error. 4.3 This guide is not intended to address the aspects of the planning process for development of the project objectives. However, the project objectives must be outlined and communicated to the design team, prior to the selection and optimization of the sample design. 4.4 This guide references statistical aspects of the planning and implementation process and includes an appendix for the statistical calculation of the optimum number of samples for a given sampling design. 4.5 This guide is intended for those who are responsible for making decisions about environmental waste management activities. SCOPE 1.1 This document provides practical guidance on the selection and optimization of sample designs in waste management sampling activities, within the context of the requirements established by the data quality objectives or other planning process. 1.2 This document (1) provides guidance for selection of sampling designs; (2) outlines techniques to optimize candidate designs; and (3) describes the variables that need to be balanced in choosing the final optimized design. 1.3 The contents of this guide are arranged by section as follows: 1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents 3. Terminology 4. Significance and Use 5. Summary of Guide 6. Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection 6.1 Sampling Design Performance Characteristics 6.2 Regulatory Considerations 6.3 Project Objectives 6.4 Knowledge of the Site 6.5 Physical Sample Issues 6.6 Communication with the Laboratory 6.7 Analytical Turn Around Time 6.8 Analytical Method Constraints 6.9 Health and Safety 6.10 Budget/Cost Considerations 6.11 Representativeness 7. Initial Design Selection 8. Optimization Criteria 9. Optimization Process 9.2 Practical Evaluation of Design Alternatives 9.3 Statistical and Cost Evaluation 10. Final Selection Annex A1 Types of Sampling Designs A1.1 Commonly Used Sampling Designs A1.2 Sampling Design Tools A1.3 Combination Sample Designs Appendix X1. Additional References Appendix X2. Choosing Analytical Method Based on Variance and Cost Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples: A Statistical Treatment 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standa...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6311-98(2022) is a widely recognized standard guide developed by ASTM International to assist in the generation of high-quality environmental data for waste management activities. This document focuses on the practical selection and optimization of sampling design for environmental data collection, particularly within the requirements established by Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) or similar planning processes. It is intended for professionals responsible for making key decisions about waste management, site investigation, and regulatory compliance.
Key Topics
- Sampling Design Selection Criteria: The guide explores various criteria to consider when selecting a sampling design, such as project objectives, regulatory requirements, site characteristics, and data quality needs.
- Optimization of Sampling Design: Techniques and methods are outlined to refine sampling designs, aiming to achieve balance among cost, practicality, statistical robustness, and regulatory compliance.
- Factors Influencing Design Choice: Considerations include site knowledge, physical characteristics of samples, access and logistics, analytical constraints, turnaround time, health and safety, representativeness, and cost.
- Statistical Methods: The standard references approaches to calculate the optimum number of samples, using statistical parameters relevant to waste management projects.
- Iterative Evaluation Process: The document stresses an iterative approach to select, evaluate, and optimize sampling designs to ensure they meet project objectives within practical constraints.
- Communication and Planning: Coordination with laboratories and project teams is emphasized to ensure chosen designs can be implemented effectively and provide reliable data.
Applications
ASTM D6311-98(2022) is particularly valuable for organizations involved in:
- Environmental Site Assessments: Ensuring that sampling plans are statistically defensible and tailored to specific contaminants and site conditions.
- Waste Management Programs: Facilitating reliable data collection for the classification, monitoring, and treatment of waste streams.
- Regulatory Compliance: Meeting the requirements of environmental authorities such as the USEPA, by designing sampling protocols that support decision-making and minimize risk of enforcement actions.
- Optimization of Resources: Enabling project managers to maximize data quality within budget, time, and resource limitations.
- Data Quality Planning: Guiding the selection of sampling designs as the final step of the DQO process, ensuring that all planning and decision rules are addressed.
- Complex Site Investigations: Addressing multiple site areas and integrating diverse sampling designs for comprehensive environmental characterization.
Related Standards
Those implementing ASTM D6311-98(2022) may also find these related ASTM and USEPA documents useful:
- ASTM D5956: Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
- ASTM D6044: Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media Data
- ASTM D6051: Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
- ASTM D6232: Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
- USEPA QA/G-4: Guidance for the Data Quality Objectives Process
- USEPA Environmental Investigations Branch SOP and QA Manual
Practical Value
Using ASTM D6311-98(2022) strengthens the scientific and regulatory foundation of environmental data collection in waste management. By guiding project teams through the selection and optimization of sampling design, this standard helps ensure that sampling programs yield reliable, representative data-minimizing risks, supporting compliance, and facilitating efficient allocation of resources. Its focus on statistical rigor, practical constraints, and iterative improvement makes it a critical tool for environmental professionals striving for data quality and operational excellence.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D34 - Waste Management
- SKU
- ASTM D6311-98(2022)
Похожие стандарты
Другие стандарты ASTM
ASTM-TPT-47
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
ASTM-TPT-8
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Practices For Commercial Real Estate: Phase I Site Assessment & Transac…
ASTM-TPT-1137
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM-TPT-1202
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Ma…
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method -- eLearning Course
ASTM-TPT-691
Microaprendizagem para D4057: Amostragem de ponto (PT)
D4057 Microlearning: Spot Sampling Portuguese
ASTM-TPT-1091
Metodo de prueba estandar D4052 de ASTM -- Curso de aprendizaje electrónico (ES)
Modulo eLearning para ASTM D4052 en espanol
ASTM ACEM20180086
Using Neutron Radiography to Quantify the Settlement of Fresh Concrete
Specifications have been implemented for concrete bridge decks in North America that restrict the use of higher slump concrete mixtures primarily because of concerns about differential settlement and…
ASTM ACEM20180041
Experimental Study of Competing Failure of Reinforced Concrete Based on the Weibull Distribution
To predict the failure lifetime of reinforced concrete, a current accelerating corrosion test was performed on concrete by simulating the environment in an area with saline soil. To study the concret…