ASTM D6351-22 PDF
Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearance of Hydraulic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearance of Hydraulic Fluids
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 3
- Дата публикации:
- 1 мая 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D6351
- ICS:
- 75.120
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid and homogeneous after seven days is an index of its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With vegetable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to do extended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests, such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequately predict the tendency to solidify over longer time spans at cold temperatures. 4.2 This test method is not intended to indicate cold temperature pumpability performance. A separate assessment of viscometric performance should be made in order to assess cold flow properties, which are important in order to avoid system damage in cold temperature applications. Suitable guidelines for such testing and test temperatures for various viscosity grades can be found in Practice D6080. 4.3 No specific temperature of measurement is given in this test method because fluids with different viscosity grades have different cold temperature performance expectations. For guidance on temperature selection relative to an intended low temperature viscosity grade or ISO VG, consult Practice D6080. As an example of using Practice D6080, a L22 viscosity grade would be evaluated at the lowest temperature for that grade, namely –22.9 °C. Alternatively, a fluid can be evaluated at the lowest temperature expected for field service. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception—In 6.1.1, the material is designated in cSt as this is the common name used for this type of oil. 1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 1.3 and Section 6. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6351-22 is the Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearance of Hydraulic Fluids. Developed by ASTM International, this method assesses the fluidity and visual condition of hydraulic fluids after extended storage at low temperatures. The standard is particularly significant for evaluating the stability of hydraulic oils-such as vegetable oils and synthetic esters-under cold storage conditions, where short-term tests may not adequately predict performance.
This test is crucial for hydraulic system reliability, especially in applications exposed to prolonged low temperatures. Ensuring that hydraulic fluids remain fluid and homogeneous helps prevent system failures and maintains operational efficiency in cold environments.
Key Topics
- Long-term Cold Stability: The method involves storing hydraulic fluid samples at a specified low temperature for seven days, after which their ability to flow and overall homogeneity are assessed.
- Visual Assessment: Samples are checked for clarity, haze, or opacity, as well as for the presence of crystals, particles, or phase separation.
- Applicable to Various Fluids: While especially important for vegetable oils and certain synthetic esters, this method is relevant for a broad range of hydraulic fluids.
- Temperature Flexibility: No fixed test temperature is specified; it should be chosen based on the fluid’s intended viscosity grade or expected service conditions, with guidance available in ASTM D6080.
- Safety Considerations: Special attention is advised if mercury or mercury-containing products are used, given health and environmental hazards.
- Not a Pumpability Test: This test does not measure cold temperature pumpability; viscometric tests per ASTM D6080 should be used for that assessment.
Applications
The ASTM D6351-22 test method is vital for:
- Hydraulic Equipment in Cold Climates: Ensuring fluid reliability in industrial machinery, mobile equipment, and off-highway vehicles exposed to low ambient temperatures.
- Product Development & Quality Control: Verifying the low-temperature characteristics of new formulations, particularly for bio-based and environmentally friendly hydraulic fluids.
- Compliance & Specification: Meeting manufacturer or regulatory requirements for hydraulic system performance in cold weather.
- Preventive Maintenance: Identifying potential issues such as gelling, phase separation, or loss of homogeneity before fluids are used in service.
Industries that benefit from this standard include construction, mining, transportation, military, and renewable energy sectors where hydraulic systems operate in cold environments.
Related Standards
-
ASTM D97 - Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products A common short-term test for determining the lowest temperature at which a fluid will flow.
-
ASTM D2500 - Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Used to measure when wax crystals first appear during cooling.
-
ASTM D6080 - Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids Provides guidance on test temperatures and viscosity classification for hydraulic fluids in cold flow scenarios.
-
ASTM E1 - Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Covers the temperature measurement devices required for precise low temperature testing.
Practical Value
Adhering to ASTM D6351-22 ensures hydraulic fluids are properly evaluated for fluidity and appearance after cold storage, supporting long-term equipment reliability and reducing downtime in low temperature conditions. By selecting appropriate test temperatures and following this standard, industries can more accurately predict field performance, safeguard against potential system issues, and comply with best practices in hydraulic fluid assessment.
Keywords: ASTM D6351, low temperature fluidity, hydraulic fluid appearance, cold storage test, hydraulic oil stability, hydraulic systems, cold weather performance
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D6351-22
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