ASTM D6378-22 PDF
Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 11
- Дата публикации:
- 1 июля 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D6378
- ICS:
- 75.080
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids for shipping and storage. 5.2 The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies. 5.3 Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. 5.4 In this test method, an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement is not required, thus eliminating losses of high volatile compounds during this step. This test method is faster and minimizes potential errors from improper air saturation. This test method permits VPX determinations in the field. 5.5 This test method can be applied in online applications in which an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement cannot be performed. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by volatile, liquid petroleum products, hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures including ethanol blends up to 85 % (volume fraction). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 150 kPa (1.0 psi and 21 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The liquid sample volume size required for analysis is dependent upon the vapor-to-liquid ratio chosen (see Note 1) and the measuring chamber volume capacity of the instrument (see 6.1.1 and Note 5). Note 1: The test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of volatile, liquid petroleum products at temperatures from 0 °C to 100 °C at vapor to liquid ratios of 4:1 to 1:1 (X = 4 to 1) and pressures up to 500 kPa (70 psi), but the precision statement (see Section 16) may not be applicable. Note 2: The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS);2 the precision using 250 mL containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.3 1.2 This test method also covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by aviation turbine fuels. This test method is suitable for testing aviation turbine fuel samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 0 kPa and 110 kPa (0 psi and 15.5 psi) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, in the temperature range from 25 °C to 100 °C (77 °F to 212 °F). Note 3: The precision (see Section 16) for aviation turbine fuels using 100 mL containers was determined in a 2007 ILS.4 1.3 The vapor pressure (VPX) determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (X = 4) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends at 37.8 °C can be correlated to the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) value determined by Test Method D5191 (see 16.3). This condition does not apply when the sample is aviation turbine fuel. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 – 7.8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6378-22 is the international standard test method for the determination of vapor pressure (VPX) of petroleum products, hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures, including ethanol blends, using the triple expansion method. Vapor pressure is a key physical property affecting the storage, transport, and regulatory compliance of volatile fuels such as gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, and their blends. The triple expansion method enables more efficient, accurate, and field-applicable vapor pressure measurement using automated instruments, without the need for air saturation prior to testing.
Key Topics
- Significance of Vapor Pressure: Vapor pressure influences the volatility, performance, and safety of fuels. Accurate vapor pressure values are crucial for determining compliance with shipping, storage, and environmental regulations.
- Scope of Application: The method applies to a wide range of volatile liquid petroleum products, pure hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures, and aviation turbine fuels.
- Measurement Range:
- For most petroleum products and blends: boiling points above 0°C, vapor pressures from 7 kPa to 150 kPa (1.0 psi to 21 psi) at 37.8°C (100°F), at vapor-to-liquid ratios of 4:1.
- For aviation turbine fuels: vapor pressures from 0 kPa to 110 kPa (0 psi to 15.5 psi) in the range 25°C to 100°C.
- Automated Instrumentation: Utilizes a temperature-controlled measuring chamber with a built-in piston to perform triple expansions, allowing for precise vapor pressure determination while minimizing volatility loss and measurement error.
- Field and Online Applicability: The air saturation step is eliminated, making the method suitable for both laboratory and online in-process testing, enhancing accuracy and speed.
Applications
- Fuel Regulatory Compliance: Used for determining the vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, which are subject to government regulation for environmental and performance reasons.
- Quality Control in Refining: Ensures that petroleum products meet necessary vapor pressure specifications, essential for product grading and marketing.
- Aviation Fuel Testing: Applies to aviation turbine fuels to ensure consistency and safety in the aviation industry.
- Shipping and Storage Safety: Measurement of vapor pressure informs fuel handling protocols, reducing risk during transport and storage.
- Process Monitoring: The automated method supports real-time, online vapor pressure monitoring in refinery and fuel distribution operations.
Related Standards
For comprehensive volatility measurement and sampling, ASTM D6378-22 is often used alongside the following standards:
- ASTM D323: Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
- ASTM D4953: Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
- ASTM D5191: Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
- ASTM D4057: Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
- ASTM D4177: Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
- ASTM D5842: Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
- ASTM D5854: Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
- ASTM D6299/D6300/D6708: Statistical Methods for Quality Assurance and Data Precision
Practical Value
By providing a reliable, efficient, and field-capable method for vapor pressure determination, ASTM D6378-22 supports the petroleum industry’s need for consistent product quality, regulatory compliance, and safe operations. The elimination of the air saturation step reduces errors and speeds up analysis, making it practical for both laboratory and online process applications. The method’s correlation to other standard vapor pressure metrics further enhances its versatility and utility.
Keywords: ASTM D6378-22, vapor pressure, petroleum products, hydrocarbon mixtures, gasoline blends, aviation turbine fuel, triple expansion, fuel volatility, regulatory compliance, automated vapor pressure testing, fuel quality control.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D6378-22
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