ASTM D6784-24 PDF
Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)
Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 21
- Дата публикации:
- 1 марта 2024 г.
- Издание:
- D6784
- ICS:
- 13.040.40
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The measurement of particle-bound, oxidized, elemental, and total mercury in stationary-source flue gases provides data that can be used for emissions assessments and reporting, the certification of continuous mercury monitoring systems, regulatory compliance determinations and research programs associated with dispersion modelling, deposition evaluation, human health and environmental impact assessments. Particle-bound, oxidized, and elemental mercury measurements before and after control devices may be necessary for optimizing and evaluating the mercury removal efficiency of emission control technologies. 5.2 This test method was developed initially for the measurement of mercury in coal-fired power plants and has been extensively validated for that application. Since the introduction of this method, it has been extensively used on other combustion sources such as cement kilns and waste incinerators. With additional procedures given in this standard, it is also applicable to sources having a flue gas composition with high levels of hydrochloric acid, and low levels of sulfur dioxide (Section 16). SCOPE 1.1 This test method applies to the determination of elemental, oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury emissions from stationary combustion sources. 1.2 This test method is applicable to elemental, oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury concentrations ranging from approximately 0.5 μg/Nm3 to 100 μg/Nm3. 1.3 This test method describes equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and procedures for calculating results. 1.4 This test method is applicable to sampling elemental, oxidized, and particle-bound mercury in flue gases of coal-fired stationary sources. It may not be suitable at all measurement locations, particularly those with high particulate loadings, as explained in Section 16. 1.5 Method applicability is limited to flue gas stream temperatures within the thermal stability range of the sampling probe and filter components. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard requires users to be familiar with EPA stack-gas sampling procedures as stated in EPA Methods 1–4, Method 5, and Method 17. 1.8 The method requires a high level of experience and quality control both in the field testing and analytical procedures to obtain high quality data. 1.9 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6784-24, known as the Ontario Hydro Method, is an internationally recognized standard published by ASTM International for measuring mercury emissions in flue gases from stationary combustion sources. This comprehensive test method provides procedures to determine the concentration of elemental, oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury in emissions primarily from coal-fired power plants, but it is also applicable to other sources such as cement kilns and waste incinerators.
Measuring mercury in its various forms is essential for accurate emissions reporting, regulatory compliance, emissions control certification, and environmental impact assessments. Given mercury’s status as a hazardous substance with significant environmental and health risks, high precision and strict quality control in sampling and analysis are required.
Key Topics
- Mercury Speciation: The method distinguishes between elemental mercury (Hg⁰), oxidized mercury (Hg²⁺), and particle-bound mercury to yield a total mercury profile in stack emissions.
- Applicability: Designed for stationary combustion sources emitting mercury in concentrations from 0.5 μg/Nm³ to 100 μg/Nm³. It is especially validated for coal-fired sources but adaptable for flue gas with high hydrochloric acid or low sulfur dioxide content.
- Sampling and Analysis: The standard outlines isokinetic sampling using specialized glassware and impinger trains, sample digestion, and laboratory analysis via cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAAS) or fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS).
- Quality and Safety: Strict adherence to EPA sampling methods (such as Methods 1–4, 5, and 17) and ASTM practices for calibration, chain-of-custody, and quality assurance is necessary. Due to the toxicity and volatility of mercury, robust health, safety, and environmental protocols are mandatory.
- Limitations: Suitability may be affected in locations with high particulate loadings or flue gas temperatures outside equipment stability ranges.
Applications
ASTM D6784-24 is widely used in the following areas:
- Regulatory Compliance: For facilities subject to mercury emissions limits, this method supports accurate reporting for environmental permitting and meets protocols required by environmental agencies.
- Certification of Monitoring Systems: Provides reference measurements for certifying and validating continuous mercury monitoring systems (CEMS).
- Optimization of Emission Controls: Enables performance assessment before and after emission control devices, facilitating improvements in mercury removal technologies.
- Environmental and Health Assessments: Supplies speciation data essential for dispersion modeling, deposition studies, and evaluation of health risks related to mercury exposure.
- Research and Development: Used in scientific studies to characterize mercury emissions from various stationary combustion processes, aiding in policy development and technology evaluation.
Related Standards
When implementing ASTM D6784-24, the following related standards and references are commonly used to ensure reliable and accurate results:
-
ASTM Standards:
- D1193: Specification for Reagent Water
- D1356: Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
- D3154: Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)
- D3685/D3685M: Sampling/Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
- D7036: Practice for Competence of Air Emission Testing Bodies
- D4840: Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
- E2251: Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers
-
EPA Methods:
- Method 1: Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources
- Method 2, 3, 4, and 5: Determination of flow parameters and particulate emissions
- Method 17: In-Stack Filtration Method
- SW 846 7470A: Mercury in Liquid Waste - Manual Cold Vapor Technique
-
International Guidelines:
- Developed in accordance with WTO TBT Committee principles for international standards.
Summary
ASTM D6784-24 is the industry-standard methodology for measuring and speciating mercury emissions from coal-fired and other stationary combustion sources. By using this test method, organizations can ensure compliance, improve environmental controls, and contribute to effective mercury risk management. Proper implementation of this standard supports both regulatory goals and public health objectives in controlling mercury pollution from stationary sources.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D22 - Air Quality
- SKU
- ASTM D6784-24
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