ASTM D7152-23 PDF
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 9
- Дата публикации:
- 1 октября 2023 г.
- Издание:
- D7152
- ICS:
- 75.080
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem. 5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method. 5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature. 5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations. 5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3 SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions. 1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity. 1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D7152-23 is the globally recognized standard practice for calculating the viscosity of blends comprising two or more petroleum products. This standard, maintained by ASTM International, provides procedures to estimate the kinematic viscosity of blended petroleum products-such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil, kerosene, crude oils, and related substances-using the kinematic viscosities and blend fractions of individual components. Accurate prediction of blend viscosity is crucial in the petroleum industry for quality control, product formulation, and regulatory compliance.
Key Topics
Fundamental Methods:
- Wright Blending Method: Preferred for its theoretical basis and accuracy. Requires knowledge of component viscosities at two different temperatures.
- ASTM Blending Method: Simplifies calculations when component viscosities are only available at a single temperature.
- Modified Methods: Allow blending on a mass-percent or volume-percent basis, accommodating variations in component densities.
Inverse Problem-Solving:
- Both methods provide approaches to calculate either the resulting blend viscosity from known fractions or determine the necessary fractions to achieve a target viscosity.
Applicability and Limitations:
- Best suited for Newtonian fluids-common for petroleum products such as fuels and base stocks.
- Not designed for products with strong non-Newtonian properties, viscosity index improvers, additive packages, or blends containing particulates.
Calculation Aids:
- Practice includes transformations using the MacCoull-Walther-Wright function to linearize non-linear viscosity-temperature relationships, allowing reliable blend prediction.
- Electronic spreadsheets supporting these calculations are available as ASTM adjuncts.
Applications
Practical Uses in Industry:
- Lubricant Formulation: Helps refine and optimize base oil blends to meet viscosity specifications.
- Fuel Blending: Enables precise adjustment of fractions in diesel, gasoline, or residual oil blending to achieve desired flow characteristics.
- Quality Control: Supports manufacturers and refiners in meeting product consistency and regulatory viscosity requirements.
- Operational Optimization: Assists engineers and technicians in blending various stocks efficiently, saving resources and reducing off-spec material.
- Supply Chain Integration: Facilitates blending at various stages in the distribution pipeline, from refinery to end-use.
Blending Strategies:
- Use of both volume and mass fractions to accommodate density differences in components; for fuels, mass fraction blending is often more accurate.
- Tailors procedures for routine blending as well as custom batches or special product grades.
Related Standards
- ASTM D341 – Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products.
- ASTM D445 – Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity).
- ASTM D7042 – Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer.
- ASTM D4175 – Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants.
Conclusion
Applying ASTM D7152-23 brings consistency, accuracy, and efficiency to the process of predicting or targeting blend viscosity of petroleum products. Whether for lubricant manufacturers, refineries, or fuel blenders, adopting this standard ensures adherence to best practices and streamlines decision-making across product development and supply chains. For improved blending outcomes, compliance with ASTM D7152-23, alongside its related standards, is considered essential in modern petroleum and fuels industries.
Keywords: viscosity blending, petroleum blends, kinematic viscosity, Wright Blending Method, ASTM viscosity calculation, fuel blending, lubricants, quality control
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D7152-23
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