ASTM D7309-21b PDF

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This laboratory test method measures thermal combustion properties of materials (1-9).4 5.2 The test uses controlled thermal and thermal-oxidative decomposition of specimens and thermal oxidation of the specimen gases as they are released from the specimen to simulate the condensed and gas phase processes of flaming combustion, respectively, in a small-scale laboratory test (1-9). 5.3 The thermal combustion properties measured in the test are related to flammability characteristics of the material (4-9). 5.4 The amount of heat released in flaming combustion per unit mass of material is the fire load and the potential fire load (complete combustion) is estimated in Method A as hc. 5.5 The net calorific value of the material (see Test Method D5865) is determined directly using Method B as hco without the need to know the atomic composition of the specimen to correct for the latent heat of evaporation of the water produced by combustion, or to perform titrations to correct for the heat of solution of acid gases. See Table X1.2 for comparison of Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) data with Test Method D5865. 5.6 The temperature T5 % of Method A measured at a heating rate β = 1K/s approximates the surface temperature at piloted ignition in accordance with Ref. (8 and 9) for purposes of fire modeling (see Guide E1591). 5.7 The heat release capacity ηc (J/g-K) is a flammability parameter measured in Method A that is unique to this test method. 5.8 The fire growth capacity FGC (J/g-K) is a flammability parameter measured in Method A at heating rate β = 1K/s that is unique to this test method. SCOPE 1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics. 1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal oxidation of the specimen gases. 1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s. 1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the specimen gases. 1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption. 1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured. 1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction. 1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method has been developed to facilitate material development and research. 1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.