ASTM D8126-21 PDF
Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 7
- Дата публикации:
- 1 ноября 2021 г.
- Издание:
- D8126
- ICS:
- 75.080
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Lubricants can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measurement of the amount of basic substances in the oil under the conditions of the testing procedure. 5.2 A primary objective of a marine cylinder lubricant is the neutralization of sulfuric acid, produced during fuel combustion, to protect the engine from corrosion. The EBas method characterizes the more efficient basic species of the lubricant reacting with acids from the beginning of the neutralization (when the lubricant milieu is basic) until an equilibrium state where the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. The use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) allows differentiating basicities of various strengths during titration. 5.3 In marine lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases coming from the detergent. Basicity can also be brought to the lubricant by other components including dispersants, amino compounds, or any organic basic components. This test method uses the same titration system as that of Test Method D4739, however the evaluation and interpretation of the titration result is different. The hydrochloric acid is used as the titrant in this test method and Test Method D4739, whereas Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid, perchloric acid. While all three methods can be considered as complementary to evaluate the basicity of lubricants, this test method is only used for marine cylinder lubricants. 5.4 This test method measures only the efficient basicity of the lubricant, which represents only the part of the total basicity, until the point of which the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. It will depend on the components of the formulation itself. In that respect, the EBas cannot be compared to base number given by Test Methods D4739 or D2896. The EBas is then complementary information to the base numbe... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder lubricants that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring-cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines. 1.2 This test method has been developed for marine cylinder lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test Method D2896) from 20 mg KOH/g to 100 mg KOH/g, and an EBas from 10 mg KOH/g to 36 mg KOH/g. 1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is determined, corresponding to the components or part of components that have a major role in neutralization of the acidic species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine engine. It differentiates between the fastest reacting species and the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent (classically mineral calcium carbonate, CaCO3). The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D8126-21 is the Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration. Published by ASTM International, this standard outlines a precise procedure for measuring the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder lubricants. Specifically designed for lubricants used in the piston-ring-cylinder area of two-stroke marine engines, D8126-21 is essential for quality assurance and formulation optimization within the marine lubricants industry. The efficient basicity determined by this method identifies the active basic species crucial for the neutralization of acidic byproducts generated during fuel combustion, helping protect engine components from corrosive damage.
Key Topics
-
Efficient Basicity (EBas):
- Represents the portion of basic components in marine lubricants that actively neutralize acidic species, especially sulfuric acid from fuel combustion.
- Measurement is specific to fast-reacting basic species, differentiating them from slow-reacting overbased compounds.
-
Potentiometric Titration with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl):
- Employs automatic or manual potentiometric titration methods using standardized alcoholic HCl as the titrant.
- Utilizes a pH 5 aqueous buffer to define the endpoint, ensuring consistent measurement of efficient basicity across samples.
-
Application Range:
- Developed for marine cylinder lubricants with base numbers (BN) from 20 mg KOH/g to 100 mg KOH/g and EBas values from 10 mg KOH/g to 36 mg KOH/g.
-
Significance in Marine Engines:
- EBas is crucial for evaluating a lubricant’s ability to neutralize strong acids and thereby prevent engine corrosion.
- Provides complementary data to other methods measuring total base number, offering insights into the efficiency of acid neutralization.
-
Precision and Safety:
- Details requirements for apparatus precision and sample preparation to ensure repeatability and reproducibility.
- Notes the importance of safety, health, and environmental practices, and references specific safety concerns.
Applications
- Marine Cylinder Lubricant Quality Control:
- Ensures that lubricants used in two-stroke marine diesel engines provide effective corrosion protection by quantifying the proportion of rapidly neutralizing base compounds.
- Lubricant Formulation Development:
- Assists formulators in optimizing detergent and dispersant content to maximize protective efficacy.
- Comparative Lubricant Assessment:
- Enables benchmarking of marine lubricants by comparing efficient basicity results, supporting evidence-based selection for specific engine conditions.
- Regulatory and Contractual Compliance:
- Facilitates compliance with marine engine manufacturer specifications and international shipping standards.
Related Standards
- ASTM D2896 – Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration: Used for total base number determination with a stronger acid.
- ASTM D4739 – Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration: Measures a base number but with different interpretation criteria.
- ASTM D1193 – Specification for Reagent Water: Ensures water purity for reagent preparation.
- ASTM D4057 / ASTM D4177 – Practices for manual and automatic sampling of petroleum products, ensuring sample representativeness.
- ASTM D6300 – Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products.
Conclusion
ASTM D8126-21 provides a robust test method for efficient basicity determination in marine cylinder lubricants via potentiometric hydrochloric acid titration. Its focus on efficient basicity offers practical insight into the functional additives actively protecting marine engines from corrosion. When used alongside complementary standards, D8126-21 enhances quality control and technical evaluation, supporting safe and effective marine lubricant performance.
Keywords: ASTM D8126-21, efficient basicity, EBas, potentiometric titration, hydrochloric acid titration, marine cylinder lubricants, corrosion protection, base number, marine engines, lubricant performance.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D8126-21
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