ASTM D8431-22 PDF
Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 15
- Дата публикации:
- 1 мая 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D8431
- ICS:
- 13.060.50
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Source water protection calls for a rapid and reliable optical method to identify and quantify the oil spill contamination, such as water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group. 5.2 This test method identifies the presence of contamination and quantifies the target contamination component(s) to provide a threshold-based alert signal. 5.3 This test method can be used by drinking water treatment plant operators and decision makers as a first line of defense for both initially detecting petroleum product spills, as well as tracking attenuation over time, in source water to prevent contaminant uptake into the processed water and treatment infrastructure. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the (1) detection of trace level (µg/L range) of oil and petroleum (water-soluble fraction) pollutants in surface and ground drinking water sources, (2) identification of the compounds, and (3) alerting analysts with a contaminant concentration prediction. This test method facilitates identification and quantification from 20 to 1000 µg/L of target contaminants, including: water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group, referred to as BTEXN in this test method, in water samples with up to 15 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The main approach involves analyzing and characterizing key water intake locations before the treatment and developing the contaminant library. The water-soluble (BTEXN) contaminants are associated with, but not limited to petroleum oils and fuels including commercial diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, heavy oil, fuel oil and lubricate oil, etc. 1.2 The data sets are analyzed using multivariate methods to test contaminant identification and quantification. The multivariate methods include classification and regression algorithms to analyze fluorescence EEM data acquired in the laboratory. The common goal of these algorithms is to reduce multidimensionality and eliminate noise of fluorescence and background signals. Automated identification-quantification methods linked directly to the instrument acquisition-analysis software are commercially available. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D8431-22, "Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis," establishes a procedure for rapidly identifying and quantifying trace levels of water-soluble petroleum oil pollutants in drinking water sources. Utilizing Absorbance-Transmittance and Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrix (A-TEEM) optical spectroscopy combined with advanced multivariate statistical analysis, this method enables the detection of key petroleum-derived contaminants, particularly BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and naphthalene, in both surface and groundwater.
This internationally recognized method offers a robust early warning system and quantitative assessment to support source water protection and minimize the threat of petroleum contamination in treated water systems.
Key Topics
- Rapid Detection of Petroleum Contaminants: Employs A-TEEM spectroscopy to identify and quantify trace concentrations (20 to 1000 µg/L) of BTEX and naphthalene in waters with up to 15 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC).
- Advanced Data Analysis: Utilizes multivariate techniques such as classification and regression algorithms for contaminant identification and quantification, optimizing accuracy by reducing background noise and multidimensionality.
- Threshold-based Alerts: Provides actionable signals based on established contaminant concentration thresholds for efficient decision-making in water management.
- Site-Specific Modeling: Supports the characterization of key water intake locations and creation of contamination libraries tailored to local conditions. Automated identification and quantification methods streamlined by integration with instrument software.
- Interference and Mitigation: Addresses potential interferences from naturally occurring organic matter and turbidity, with method design and filtration steps to minimize impacts on results.
Applications
The ASTM D8431-22 method is instrumental in:
- Drinking Water Protection: Serves as an early alert and ongoing monitoring tool for operators of drinking water treatment plants, helping to prevent the intake and processing of contaminated source water.
- Environmental Monitoring and Compliance: Essential for regulatory bodies and utilities in meeting environmental protection standards related to oil spill detection, site assessment, and response.
- Pollution Event Management: Enables timely response to petroleum spills by providing rapid, reliable information on contaminant presence and attenuation over time.
- Research and Quality Assurance: Offers water quality laboratories a scientifically valid and repeatable approach for monitoring aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in various water sources.
Related Standards
Organizations implementing ASTM D8431-22 may also reference:
- ASTM D1129: Terminology Relating to Water
- ASTM D1193: Specification for Reagent Water
- ASTM D2777: Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
- ASTM D3694: Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and Preservation of Organic Constituents
- ASTM D4841: Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples
- ASTM E169: Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
- ASTM E2617: Practice for Validation of Empirically Derived Multivariate Calibrations
- ASTM E2719: Guide for Fluorescence-Instrument Calibration and Qualification
- ASTM E2891: Guide for Multivariate Data Analysis in Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing
- EPA Method 415.3/524.2/8270D: Various US Environmental Protection Agency methods for organic compound analysis in water
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM D8431-22 ensures sensitive, accurate, and efficient detection of petroleum hydrocarbons in water at trace levels. This enhances public health protection, infrastructure reliability, and regulatory compliance for water utilities and environmental agencies. The method's integration of advanced optical spectroscopy and statistical analysis drives operational confidence in water quality monitoring and early warning systems for oil spill response.
Keywords: ASTM D8431-22, petroleum oil detection, A-TEEM spectroscopy, BTEX, naphthalene, water-soluble petroleum hydrocarbons, drinking water protection, oil spill monitoring, multivariate analysis, source water quality.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D19 - Water
- SKU
- ASTM D8431-22
Похожие стандарты
Другие стандарты ASTM
ASTM-TPT-47
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
Phase I & Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Processes
ASTM-TPT-8
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Practices For Commercial Real Estate: Phase I Site Assessment & Transac…
ASTM-TPT-1137
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM-TPT-1202
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method for Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous Ma…
ASTM D8421 Standard Test Method -- eLearning Course
ASTM-TPT-691
Microaprendizagem para D4057: Amostragem de ponto (PT)
D4057 Microlearning: Spot Sampling Portuguese
ASTM-TPT-1091
Metodo de prueba estandar D4052 de ASTM -- Curso de aprendizaje electrónico (ES)
Modulo eLearning para ASTM D4052 en espanol
ASTM ACEM20180086
Using Neutron Radiography to Quantify the Settlement of Fresh Concrete
Specifications have been implemented for concrete bridge decks in North America that restrict the use of higher slump concrete mixtures primarily because of concerns about differential settlement and…
ASTM ACEM20180041
Experimental Study of Competing Failure of Reinforced Concrete Based on the Weibull Distribution
To predict the failure lifetime of reinforced concrete, a current accelerating corrosion test was performed on concrete by simulating the environment in an area with saline soil. To study the concret…