ASTM D8454/D8454M-22 PDF
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 13
- Дата публикации:
- 1 ноября 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D8454/D8454M
- ICS:
- 83.120
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method provides a standard method of determining the open-hole (notched) strength of the sandwich panel for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development. 5.2 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence notched sandwich compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, specimen/fixture alignment, time at temperature, and speed of testing. Further, notched sandwich compressive strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material. 5.3 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing. SCOPE 1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions in a direction parallel to the sandwich facesheet plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). 1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported. 1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, with a centrally located open through-hole, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture. 1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include: specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested. 1.5 This test method can be used to test unnotched specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. ASTM Test Methods C364 or D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for unnotched sandwich panel compression strength or long beam flexure, respectively. 1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D8454/D8454M-22 is the internationally recognized standard test method for determining the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions. Developed by ASTM, this method is crucial for evaluating the structural performance and notched strength of sandwich panels, particularly those used in aerospace, transportation, and advanced manufacturing industries. The standard provides a uniform procedure for assessing how a sandwich construction, containing a centrally located through-hole, performs under edgewise compressive loading.
By standardizing the testing process, ASTM D8454/D8454M-22 supports structural design, material specification, and research and development of composite sandwich panels made from diverse core and facesheet materials.
Key Topics
- Open-Hole Compressive Strength: This test method specifically addresses the strength reduction caused by the presence of an open hole (notch) in the sandwich panel, which is crucial for structural design allowables and damage-tolerance assessments.
- Specimen Geometry and Preparation: The method defines the preparation of flat, rectangular specimens with a central hole, specifying relevant geometric ratios (such as width-to-diameter and diameter-to-facesheet thickness) that must be reported for repeatability.
- Material Variables: Several factors influence test results and must be documented, including:
- Facesheet and core materials
- Core density, cell size, and thickness
- Facesheet stacking sequence and thickness
- Adhesive types and fabrication methods
- Environmental conditions and specimen conditioning
- Test Procedure: The specimen is placed in a stabilization fixture and loaded in compression until failure. Applied force, crosshead displacement, and strain are systematically recorded to determine ultimate strength.
- Reporting Requirements: The standard stipulates detailed reporting of influential variables to ensure data reproducibility and applicability.
Applications
ASTM D8454/D8454M-22 is widely used in industries that rely on composite sandwich panels, such as:
- Aerospace: For determining allowables and damage tolerance of structural panels containing necessary design holes, such as those for fasteners or access.
- Automotive and Marine: Performance verification for lightweight sandwich composites used in vehicle bodies, bulkheads, and decks.
- Construction and Architecture: Assessment of panel strength in modern buildings utilizing advanced composite materials.
- Research and Development: As a baseline method for investigating new materials and sandwich configurations.
- Material Specifications and Quality Control: Provides manufacturers and engineers with objective measures for product specifications and batch verification.
This test offers insight into how sandwich constructions will perform when features such as holes (e.g., for bolts or service entries) are present-a common scenario in real-world applications.
Related Standards
ASTM D8454/D8454M-22 is often used in conjunction with other test methods, including:
- ASTM C364 - Edgewise Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions
- ASTM D6484 - Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
- ASTM D7249/D7249M - Facesheet Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
- ASTM D8453/D8453M - Open-Hole Flexural Strength of Sandwich Constructions
- ASTM D5687/D5687M - Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels for Testing
- ASTM D5229/D5229M - Moisture Absorption Properties and Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Each standard addresses unique aspects of sandwich panel testing, and selection depends on the specific material form, loading mode, or feature of interest.
Keywords: open-hole compressive strength, sandwich constructions, ASTM D8454, sandwich panel testing, composite material standards, compressive strength testing, notched panel strength, aerospace sandwich panels, structural design allowables, panel specimen preparation, test method for composites.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D30 - Composite Materials
- SKU
- ASTM D8454/D8454M-22
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