ASTM D8519-23 PDF
Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Types in Waste Plastic Process Oil Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Types in Waste Plastic Process Oil Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 30
- Дата публикации:
- 1 июля 2023 г.
- Издание:
- D8519
- ICS:
- 13.030.50
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The determination of WPPO composition is useful in optimization of process variables, diagnosing unit performance, and in evaluating the effect of changes in waste plastic composition on WPPO performance properties. 5.1.1 Aromatics and olefin hydrocarbon type analysis, including sub-classes, may be useful for evaluating suitability of WPPO as a feedstock for further processing. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers a standard procedure for the determination of hydrocarbon types (saturates, olefins, styrenes, aromatics and polyaromatics) of waste plastic process oil (WPPO) from chemical or thermal processes using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy detection (GC-VUV). 1.1.1 This test method is applicable for plastic recycling and circular schemes including wide range density material from polyethylene and polypropylene. 1.1.2 The test method is applicable to waste plastic process oil having a final boiling point of 545 °C or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test or Test Method D2887. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 36 °C, and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature. 1.1.3 WPPOs with initial boiling points less than nC5 (36 °C) and final boiling point less than nC15 (271 °C) may be analyzed by Test Method D8369. 1.1.4 Appendix X3 is applicable to waste plastic process oils that are predominantly hydrocarbons in the boiling range of pentane, nC5 (36 °C) to tetrahexacontane, nC64 (629 °C). 1.2 Concentrations of group type totals are determined by percent mass or percent volume. The applicable working ranges are as follows: Total Aromatics %Mass 1 to 50 Monoaromatics %Mass 1 to 50 Diaromatics %Mass 1 to 15 Tri-plus aromatics %Mass 0.5 to 5 PAH %Mass 0.5 to 15 Saturates %Mass 5 to 99 Olefins %Mass 1 to 80 Conjugated diolefins %Mass 0.2 to 5 Styrenes %Mass 0.2 to 5The final precision concentration ranges will be defined by a future ILS. 1.2.1 Saturates totals are the result of the summation of normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and naphthenes. 1.2.2 Aromatics are the summation of monoaromatic and polyaromatic group types. Polyaromatic totals are the result of the summation of diaromatic and tri-plus aromatic group types. 1.2.3 Olefin totals are the result of the sum of mono-olefins, conjugated diolefins, non-conjugated diolefins, and cyclic olefins. 1.2.4 Styrenes totals are the sum of styrene and alkylated styrenes. Styrenes are classified separately, neither as aromatic nor olefin. 1.3 Waste plastic process oil containing mixed plastic types such as polyethylene terephthalate PET and polyvinyl chloride or other material may yield compounds including hetero-compounds that are not speciated by this test method. 1.4 Individual components are typically not baseline separated by the procedure described in this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms. 1.5 This test method may apply to other process oils from sources such as tires and bio-mass boiling between pentane (36 °C) and tetratetracontane (545 °C), but has not been extensively tested for such applications. 1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement, other than the boiling point of normal paraffins (°F) in Table 2 and Table X.3.1, are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pri...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D8519-23 is a standard developed by ASTM International that specifies the test method for determining hydrocarbon types in Waste Plastic Process Oil (WPPO) using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV). This method is essential for analyzing the composition of WPPO generated from chemical or thermal recycling of plastics, enabling detailed quantification of saturates, olefins, aromatics (including sub-classes), styrenes, and polyaromatics. The standard supports both optimization of process parameters and evaluation of WPPO as a potential feedstock for further processing in circular plastic economy models.
Key Topics
- WPPO Composition Analysis: The method supports the quantification of primary hydrocarbon classes in WPPO, such as saturates, olefins, styrenes, mono- and polyaromatics, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
- GC-VUV Technology: Gas chromatography separates the oil into its chemical constituents, while vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy provides molecular-level detection and quantification, even for coeluting compounds.
- Applicable Materials: The test is suitable for WPPO produced from various common plastics, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, covering a broad boiling range up to 545°C at atmospheric pressure.
- Precision Ranges: The method defines working ranges for each hydrocarbon type in terms of percent mass, ensuring relevant accuracy for WPPO quality assessment.
- Feedstock Suitability: Aromatic and olefin content are critical in assessing the suitability of WPPO for depolymerization, pyrolysis, or other secondary recycling processes.
Applications
- Optimization of Recycling Processes: The detailed hydrocarbon group analysis enables recycling operators to fine-tune chemical or thermal process parameters to maximize desired product yields and minimize by-products.
- Feedstock Qualification: Manufacturing plants and chemical recyclers can use ASTM D8519-23 results to evaluate the suitability of various waste plastics as sources for process oils, aligning with circular economy objectives.
- Performance Diagnostics: The test method is a diagnostic tool for understanding changes in WPPO composition due to feedstock variability or process changes, which is critical for maintaining product quality and process efficiency.
- Regulatory Compliance: Consistent hydrocarbon type assessment supports compliance with environment, health, and safety regulations concerning the handling, processing, and transport of WPPO.
- Research & Development: Laboratories and research institutes utilize the method for advanced studies in plastics recycling technologies and materials science.
Related Standards
For comprehensive quality control and method validation, ASTM D8519-23 references several related ASTM standards:
- ASTM D2887: Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
- ASTM D4057: Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
- ASTM D4175: Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- ASTM D8369: Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by High Resolution GC-VUV
- ASTM D7169: Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues
- ASTM D4307, D6299, D6300, D6730, D6792, D7213, D7372: Standards covering analytical practices, calibration, terminology, and precision validation for petroleum and process oils
Practical Value
ASTM D8519-23 provides an essential, standardized approach to WPPO characterization, promoting data consistency, process control, and improved recycling outcomes. By leveraging GC-VUV, stakeholders in sustainable plastics management and advanced recycling can achieve high-confidence hydrocarbon profiling to support optimization, compliance, and innovation in waste-to-product conversion. This enhances the practical implementation of circular economy principles in the plastics and petrochemical industries.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D8519-23
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