ASTM E1022-22 PDF
Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks
Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 19
- Дата публикации:
- 1 апреля 2022 г.
- Издание:
- E1022
- ICS:
- 07.080
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 A bioconcentration test is conducted to obtain information concerning the ability of an aquatic species to accumulate a test material directly from water. This guide provides guidance for designing bioconcentration tests on the properties of the test material so that each material is tested in a cost-effective manner. 5.2 Because steady-state is usually approached from the low side and the definition of apparent steady-state is based on a statistical hypothesis test, the apparent steady-state BCF will usually be lower than the steady-state BCF. With the variation and sample sizes commonly used in bioconcentration tests, the actual steady-state BCF will usually be no more than twice the apparent BCF. 5.3 When both are determined in the same test, the projected steady-state BCF will usually be higher than the apparent steady-state BCF because the models used to calculate the projected BCF assume that the BCF steadily increases until infinite time. 5.4 The BCFs and rates and extents of uptake and depuration will depend on temperature, water quality, the species and its size, physiological condition, age, and other factors (1).4 Although organisms are fed during tests, uptake by means of sorption onto food is probably negligible during tests. 5.5 Results of bioconcentration tests are used to predict concentrations likely to occur in aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that mobile organisms might avoid exposure when possible. Under the experimental conditions, particulate matter is deliberately minimized compared to natural water systems. Exposure conditions for the tests may therefore not be comparable for an organic chemical that has a high octanol-water partition coefficient or for an inorganic chemical that sorbs substantially onto particulate matter. The amount of the test substance in solution is thereby reduced in both cases, and therefore the material is less available to many organisms... SCOPE 1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning bioconcentration of a test material added to dilution water—but not to food—by freshwater and saltwater fishes and saltwater bivalve mollusks using the flow-through technique. These procedures also should be useful for conducting bioconcentration tests with other aquatic species, although modifications might be necessary. 1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. The comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting bioconcentration tests. 1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water and in appropriate tissues. Bioconcentration tests are usually conducted on individual chemicals but can be conducted on mixtures if appropriate measurements can be made. Some techniques described in this guide were developed for tests on non-ionizable organic chemicals (see 11.1.2.1) and might not apply to ionizable or inorganic chemicals. 1.4 Results of bioconcentration tests should usually be reported in terms of apparent steady-state and projected steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and uptake and depuration rate constants. Results should be reported in terms of whole body for fishes and in terms of total soft tissue for bivalve mollusks. For fishes and scallops consumed by humans, some results should also be reported in terms of the edible portion, especially if ingestion of the test material by humans is a major concern. For tests on organic and organometallic chemicals, the ...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM E1022-22, Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks, provides comprehensive procedures for laboratory bioconcentration tests. Developed by ASTM International, this guide outlines best practices for evaluating the ability of aquatic species such as freshwater and saltwater fishes and saltwater bivalve mollusks to accumulate chemicals directly from water.
This standard is vital for environmental scientists and regulatory professionals seeking accurate data on the bioconcentration of various substances in aquatic organisms. It promotes scientifically sound, cost-effective methodologies for testing both individual chemicals and, when appropriate, chemical mixtures using the flow-through technique. The guide also applies, with minor adjustments, to other aquatic species.
Key Topics
- Bioconcentration Test Design: Guidance on structuring tests to reflect the properties of each test material, ensuring results are meaningful and cost-effective.
- Steady-State and Apparent Steady-State BCF: Clarification of steady-state versus apparent steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCF), uptake and depuration phases, and the statistical evaluation of results.
- Environmental Variables: Consideration of factors influencing bioconcentration such as temperature, water quality, organism species, size, physiological condition, and age.
- Reporting Results: Best practices for reporting BCFs and rates of uptake and depuration, including distinctions between whole-organism, tissue-specific, and edible portions (relevant to human consumption).
- Water Quality and Test Material Handling: Emphasis on water source selection, quality control, chemical measurement accuracy, and safety precautions in laboratory practice.
- Flexibility and Modifications: Recommendations for adapting procedures to meet special research needs, noting the impact of modifications on comparability of results.
- Safety and Environmental Considerations: Details on laboratory safety, waste management, and regulatory compliance.
Applications
The ASTM E1022-22 standard is employed in several practical scenarios:
- Regulatory Compliance: By providing reliable data on chemical accumulation, this standard supports regulatory decision-making concerning permissible levels of substances in aquatic environments and food sources.
- Hazard Assessment: Results from bioconcentration tests are crucial for assessing the risks of chemical exposure to wildlife and humans, feeding into water quality criteria and environmental risk assessments.
- Comparative Analysis: Enables comparison among chemicals or species regarding their propensity to bioconcentrate, supporting product stewardship and safer chemical selection.
- Environmental Fate Modeling: Uptake and depuration rates can be used to model the fate of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems, aiding in prediction and mitigation planning.
- Research and Development: Supports studies on the relationship between chemical properties and bioconcentration, helping improve predictive models and understanding of environmental behavior.
Related Standards
ASTM E1022-22 references and complements several related ASTM and international standards:
- ASTM E729: Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians.
- ASTM E1023: Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses.
- ASTM E1191/E1192/E1193/E1241/E1295/E1688/E1706/E1733/E1847/E2122/E2455: Various guides for conducting toxicity and bioaccumulation tests in aquatic environments.
- ASTM D1193: Specification for Reagent Water.
- IEEE/ASTM SI10: Standard for use of the International System of Units (SI).
- Guide D4447: Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples.
Following ASTM E1022-22 ensures adherence to internationally accepted methodologies, facilitating credible bioconcentration data for environmental management and regulatory processes. For additional guidance on related assessment and toxicity test methods, consult the above-mentioned ASTM standards.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
- SKU
- ASTM E1022-22
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