ASTM E1733-22 PDF
Standard Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing
Standard Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 15
- Дата публикации:
- 1 августа 2022 г.
- Издание:
- E1733
- ICS:
- 91.160.10
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The information in this guide is designed to allow investigators conducting research or tests of environmental relevance to select appropriate light sources. 5.2 Investigators will be able to make reasonable selections of light sources based on cost, the requirements of the test organisms, and the properties of the test chemicals. 5.3 These methods have major significance for the comparison of results between laboratories. Investigators at different sites will be able to select similar light sources. This will provide standardization of a factor that can have major impact on the effects of hazardous chemicals. SCOPE 1.1 The use of artificial lighting is often required to study the responses of living organisms to contaminants in a controlled manner. Even if the test organism does not require light, the investigator will generally need light to manipulate the samples, and the test might be conducted under the ambient light of the laboratory. One will need to consider not only whether the particular test organism requires light for growth, but also whether the environmental compartment relevant to the test is exposed to light and, if so, what the attributes of light are in that compartment. The light could affect growth of the organism or toxicity of a contaminant, or both. For instance, it has been shown that the toxicity of some organic pollutants is enhanced dramatically by the ultraviolet (UV) radiation present in sunlight (1, 2) .2 Furthermore, the level of ambient lighting in the laboratory (which might affect the test) is not standardized, nor is it comparable to natural environments. It is thus important to consider lighting in all forms of environmental testing. When light is used in the test, one should determine whether the spectral distribution of the radiation source mimics sunlight adequately to be considered environmentally relevant. Also, the container or vessel for the experiment must be transparent, at the point of light entry, to all of the spectral regions in the light source needed for the test. 1.2 It is possible to simulate sunlight with respect to the visible:UV ratio with relatively inexpensive equipment. This guide contains information on the types of artificial light sources that are commonly used in the laboratory, compositions of light sources that mimic the biologically relevant spectral range of sunlight, quantification of irradiance levels of the light sources, determination of spectral outputs of the light sources, transmittance properties of materials used for laboratory containers, calculation of biologically effective radiation, and considerations that should go into designing a relevant light source for a given test. 1.3 Special needs or circumstances will dictate how a given light source is constructed. This is based on the requirements of the test and the environmental compartment to which it is targeted. Using appropriate conditions is most important for any experiment, and it is desirable to standardize these conditions among laboratories. In extreme cases, tests using unusual lighting conditions might render a data set incomparable to other tests. 1.4 The lighting conditions described herein are applicable to tests with most organisms and using most chemicals. With appropriate modifications, these light sources can be used under most laboratory conditions with many types of laboratory vessels. 1.5 The attributes of the light source used in a given study should list the types of lamps used, any screening materials, the light level as an energy fluence rate (in W m−2 ) or photon fluence rate (in μmol m−2 s−1 ), and the transmission properties of the vessels used to hold the test organism(s). If it is relevant to the outcome of a test, the spectral quality of the light source should be measured with a spectroradiometer and the emission spectrum provided graphically for reference. 1.6 The sections of this guide are arranged as foll...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM E1733-22 is the Standard Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing, developed by ASTM International Committee E50. This guide provides essential information for selecting and using artificial lighting in laboratory settings, helping standardize environmental testing conditions. Proper lighting selection is critical in research where lighting may affect the response of living organisms to contaminants or test chemicals. By following this standard, laboratories can achieve more comparable and reproducible results, even when experiments are conducted at different sites.
This guide supports investigators in choosing artificial light sources that not only meet the needs of the test organisms and chemicals involved, but also consider cost-effectiveness and the properties of containers or vessels used for testing.
Key Topics
ASTM E1733-22 addresses several important concepts and requirements:
- Selection of Light Sources: Guidance on how to select lighting based on the needs of organisms, chemical properties, and intended test outcomes.
- Standardization Across Laboratories: Recommendations for using similar lighting setups to improve the comparability of results between different laboratories.
- Types of Artificial Light Sources: Information on various lamp types (LED, fluorescent, metal vapor arc, incandescent, sodium vapor, microwave-powered lamps), their spectral properties, and practical considerations for laboratory use.
- Environmental Relevance: Emphasis on matching spectral distribution of artificial sources to sunlight when required, ensuring light exposure is relevant to natural environmental conditions.
- Measurement and Characterization: Methods for quantifying energy fluence rates, photon fluence rates, and spectral quality (e.g., using a spectroradiometer).
- Transmission Properties: Consideration of laboratory vessels’ and lamp coverings’ ability to transmit specific wavelengths crucial to the experiment, particularly with respect to UV, visible, and IR light.
- Safety Precautions: Recommendations for safe handling of lamps, especially those emitting UV radiation and those containing hazardous materials like mercury.
- Design Considerations: Tips to design lighting systems tailored to experimental needs and environmental compartments (e.g., simulation of sunlight including visible/UV-A/UV-B ratios).
Applications
The ASTM E1733-22 standard is widely applicable in laboratory environments where lighting conditions may significantly influence test outcomes, including:
- Environmental Toxicity Testing: Assessing the impact of chemicals on living organisms under controlled lighting that mimics environmental exposure.
- Ecotoxicological Studies: Simulating natural sunlight or specific spectral regions to study the effects of pollutants on aquatic and terrestrial species.
- Photosynthesis and Plant Growth Experiments: Providing appropriate spectral bands for optimal plant development and accurate reproduction of environmental conditions.
- Microbial and Algal Research: Ensuring growth conditions are standardized across tests, especially when light exposure affects organism response.
- Photodegradation and Chemical Studies: Investigating how light affects the breakdown or behavior of chemicals in a simulated natural environment.
- Comparative Studies Across Laboratories: By standardizing lighting conditions, results from different sites become more reliable and scientifically valid.
Related Standards
Several related standards help complement or inform the implementation of ASTM E1733-22:
- ASTM E943: Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate-provides relevant definitions and concepts.
- ASTM E1218: Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Microalgae.
- ASTM E1598: Practice for Conducting Early Seedling Growth Tests (withdrawn, but useful for reference).
- IEEE/ASTM SI 10: Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI).
- ASTM E1415: Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Lemna gibba G3 (withdrawn, but historically relevant).
By following ASTM E1733-22 and these related documents, laboratories ensure the appropriate use of artificial lighting, improving scientific rigor, reproducibility, and the environmental relevance of laboratory tests involving biological organisms and chemical exposures.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
- SKU
- ASTM E1733-22
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