ASTM E2580-24 PDF
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 8
- Дата публикации:
- 1 февраля 2024 г.
- Издание:
- E2580
- ICS:
- 49.035
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the testing of flat panel composites and sandwich core panels to an acceptance criteria most typically specified in a purchase order or other contractual document. 5.2 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice that require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers two procedures for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel (parallel surfaces) composites and flat sandwich core panels. Typical as-fabricated lay-ups include uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply laminates, as well as honeycomb sandwich core materials. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of the materials: product and process design optimization, on line process control, after manufacture inspection, and in-service inspection. Contact methods, such as angle-beam techniques using shear waves, are not discussed. 1.2 Ultrasonic testing is a common subsurface method for detection of laminar discontinuities. Two techniques can be considered based on panel surface accessibility; pulse echo for one sided and through transmission (bubblers/squirters) for two sided. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave. The general types of anomalies detected by both techniques include foreign materials, delamination, disbond/un-bond, fiber de-bonding, inclusions, porosity, and voids. 1.3 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. These test procedures can be applied to small area manual scanning and large area automated scanning. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document. 1.3.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (Non-contacting and Contacting), is at a minimum a single transducer transmitting and receiving a longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). This procedure requires access to only one side of the specimen. This procedure can be conducted by automated or manual means. Automated and manual test results may be imaged or recorded. FIG. 1 Test Procedure A, Example Pulse Echo Apparatus Set-ups 1.3.2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission, is a combination of two transducers. One transmits a longitudinal wave and the other receives the longitudinal wave in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 2 for an example set-up using squirters). This procedure requires access to both sides of the specimen. This procedure is automated and the examination results are recorded. FIG. 2 Test Procedure B, Through Transmission Apparatus Set-up Using Squirters 1.4 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria. 1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM E2580-24 is the internationally recognized standard practice for ultrasonic testing (UT) of flat panel composites and sandwich core materials used in aerospace applications. Developed by ASTM International, this practice is crucial for detecting subsurface defects and ensuring the quality and structural integrity of advanced composite materials in safety-critical industries.
The standard outlines procedures for evaluating composite panels, such as uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply laminates, as well as honeycomb sandwich structures. The UT techniques addressed herein are applicable throughout the entire material lifecycle, including process optimization, manufacturing inspection, in-service monitoring, and quality assurance. Both manual and automated scanning methods are supported, with selection and detailed requirements typically defined by a contractual agreement.
Key Topics
- Scope of Application: Focused on flat panel (parallel surface) composite laminates and sandwich core panels, primarily for aerospace but relevant to any high-performance industry using similar structures.
- Testing Methods:
- Procedure A: Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Testing
- Uses a single transducer to both emit and receive longitudinal waves.
- Requires access to only one side of the panel.
- Suitable for manual or automated inspection, with results optionally recorded or imaged.
- Procedure B: Through Transmission Ultrasonic Testing
- Utilizes two transducers on opposite sides for signal transmission and reception.
- Requires access to both sides of the specimen.
- Typically performed by automated systems with complete data recording.
- Procedure A: Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Testing
- Detection Capabilities: Identifies common defects such as delaminations, disbonds, fiber de-bonding, inclusions, porosity, foreign materials, and voids.
- Contractual Guidance: The standard does not set specific accept/reject criteria; all acceptance levels, reference standards, and reporting requirements are determined by the customer and supplier contract.
- Equipment Requirements: Specifies uniform, repeatable operation for test instruments, precise manipulation and scanning apparatus, and appropriate selection and calibration of transducers and couplants.
Applications
ASTM E2580-24 is widely used in:
- Aerospace Manufacturing: Ensuring structural quality of aircraft components, such as wings, fuselage panels, and control surfaces made from advanced composites or sandwich constructions.
- Quality Control in Production Lines: Real-time process control and inspection to detect manufacturing defects in composite materials and maintain high production standards.
- Maintenance and In-Service Inspection: Assists in the ongoing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aircraft and space vehicles, supporting timely detection of service-induced damage such as delamination or core unbonds.
- Research & Development: Enables optimization of new composite layups and sandwich panel designs by providing reliable, quantifiable data on material integrity throughout development cycles.
Benefits of applying ASTM E2580-24 include:
- Improved detection of embedded flaws and anomalies
- Reduced risk of catastrophic failure in mission-critical components
- Consistent and standardized testing protocols across the aerospace industry
Related Standards
ASTM E2580-24 directly references and aligns with several influential standards in the realm of nondestructive testing and composite materials:
- ASTM E317: Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
- ASTM E543: Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
- ASTM E1065/E1065M: Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
- ASTM D3878: Terminology for Composite Materials
- SAE ARP 5605: Solid Composite Laminate NDI Reference Standards
- SAE ARP 5606: Composite Honeycomb NDI Reference Standards
This standard was developed following internationally accepted standardization principles established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, ensuring broad applicability and global acceptance.
Keywords: Ultrasonic testing, flat panel composites, sandwich core materials, aerospace composites, nondestructive testing, NDE, advanced composites, honeycomb core, ASTM E2580-24, quality control, aerospace inspection
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- E07 - Nondestructive Testing
- SKU
- ASTM E2580-24
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