ASTM E3268-21 PDF
Standard Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment-Sample Collection, Field Screening, and Sample Handling
Standard Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment-Sample Collection, Field Screening, and Sample Handling
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 18
- Дата публикации:
- 1 июля 2021 г.
- Издание:
- E3268
- ICS:
- 13.080.01
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Many contaminants, including chlorinated solvents and petroleum products, enter the subsurface in the form of an immiscible liquid, known as a NAPL. Understanding the potential emplacement and transport mechanism for NAPL in sediment is an important element of an overall conceptual site model (CSM) that forms a basis for (1) investigating the nature and extent of NAPL, (2) evaluating if (and how) human and ecological receptors may be exposed to NAPL, and (3) assessing remedial alternatives. In addition, demonstrating the potential movement of NAPL in sediments is hampered by the lack of standardized terminology and characterization protocols, thus necessitating this guide. 4.1.1 Understanding the presence and movement of NAPL in sediments is complicated by the lack of standardized protocols for characterizing NAPL movement in the diverse range of sediment environments. Literature searches have indicated that there is a limited body of available, applicable research. Current research has focused on site-specific sediment NAPL mobility assessment approaches, but application of common methods or decision-making processes identified across sites were limited. 4.1.2 The movement (or lack of movement) of NAPL in sediments is a key factor in developing protective remedial options for NAPL-impacted sediments and for the long-term management of sediment sites. Typical exposure pathways that are addressed through risk management decisions at upland sites are usually not applicable to sediment sites. Rather, “contaminants in the biologically active layer of the surface sediment at a site often drive exposure” (1)5, because in aquatic environments, benthic organisms live in the surface sediment to maintain access to oxygenated overlying water. NAPL that is present in subsurface sediment below the biologically active layer that is not migrating and has an overlying sediment that is expected to remain in place (that is, is not dredged or eroded) does not pose a risk to ... SCOPE 1.1 This guide provides considerations to inform sample collection, field screening, and sample handling of sediments impacted with non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) to assist in data collection for the evaluation of NAPL movement in sediment. The conditions affecting NAPL emplacement and movement in sediments are significantly different than in upland soils. As such, the framework for the assessment of NAPL movement in upland soils has been determined to have limited applicability for sediments. 1.2 This guide is applicable to sediment sites where the presence or suspected presence of NAPL has been identified. Sediments are the subject media considered in this guide, not surface water or groundwater. 1.3 The goal of this guide is to provide a technical framework for sample collection, field screening, and sample handling activities used to evaluate NAPL conditions, in particular NAPL movement (that is, mobility at the pore scale and migration at the NAPL body scale) in sediments, which can be used to inform the development and selection of remedial options and post-remedial monitoring activities. 1.4 This guide discusses sample collection procedures, including direct methods (that is, core and grab samples) and indirect methods (that is, DART®2, laser-induced florescence, and porewater samplers) for assessing NAPL presence or absence in sediment. 1.5 This guide discusses field characterization procedures for assessment of NAPL-impacted sediments including visual screening, stratification assessment, shake test, ultraviolet (UV) light test, NAPL FLUTe™3, and headspace vapor monitoring. 1.6 This guide discusses considerations to obtain samples representative of in situ conditions. This includes methods used to evaluate sediment integrity, sample retrieval from the sediment bed, core identification, sample storage onboard the vessel, sample retrieval from the coring device, sufficient sample recovery, core cut...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM E3268-21 – Standard Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment-Sample Collection, Field Screening, and Sample Handling provides a technical framework for the identification, evaluation, and management of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in sediment environments. Developed by ASTM Committee E50, this guide addresses the unique challenges of investigating NAPL-impacted sediments, focusing on protocols for sediment sample collection, field screening, and sample handling to support environmental site characterization and remediation decision-making.
The guide clarifies the differences between sediment and upland soil environments, emphasizing that assessment methods for NAPL movement used in soils may not be applicable in sediments. It supports users in generating data to evaluate the presence, extent, and potential movement of NAPL within sediment, which is crucial for developing effective conceptual site models (CSMs), risk evaluations, remedial options, and post-remedial monitoring strategies.
Keywords: NAPL, non-aqueous phase liquid, sediment sampling, NAPL mobility, field screening, remediation, environmental risk, ASTM E3268-21
Key Topics
- NAPL in Sediments: Defines NAPL types (including fuels, oils, coal tar, creosote) and highlights the significance of understanding their mobility and migration in sediment environments.
- Sample Collection Approaches: Outlines direct (core and grab samples) and indirect (laser-induced fluorescence, DART®, porewater samplers) methods for sediment sampling, considering site-specific factors, sample integrity, and representativeness.
- Field Screening and Characterization: Describes qualitative and quantitative field methods, such as visual observations, shake tests, UV light testing, NAPL FLUTe™, and headspace vapor monitoring, to assess the presence of NAPL and inform further laboratory testing.
- Sample Handling Protocols: Advises on best practices for sample management, including core identification, storage, recovery, and transport to ensure data quality and representativeness.
- Risk Management Relevance: Highlights the importance of these procedures in understanding exposure pathways affecting aquatic ecosystems, especially organisms in the biologically active sediment layer.
Applications
The ASTM E3268-21 guide is essential for:
- Environmental Site Assessments: Supporting project managers, environmental consultants, and regulators in characterizing NAPL impacts within sediments at industrial, commercial, or legacy contamination sites.
- Remedial Planning: Providing a technical basis to evaluate NAPL movement, thereby informing decision-making regarding remedial action alternatives and long-term site management.
- Sampling Programs: Aiding laboratories, field teams, and project planners in designing and executing sampling protocols that yield reliable, comparable data across investigations.
- Regulatory Compliance: Enhancing the documentation and defensibility of sediment investigations to meet regulatory requirements for environmental protection and public health.
- Research and Development: Establishing a foundation for further scientific inquiry into sediment NAPL dynamics, supporting advances in analytical methods and field characterization techniques.
Related Standards
ASTM E3268-21 is designed to be used with a suite of related ASTM standards and guides, including:
- ASTM E3248: Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment – Conceptual Models for Emplacement and Advection
- ASTM E3163 and E3164: Guides for sediment corrective action and monitoring procedures
- ASTM D4823: Guide for core sampling procedures of submerged, unconsolidated sediments
- ASTM D1587, D6302, D6914: Practices for sediment and soil sampling methodologies
- ASTM D2487, D2488: Practices for soil classification and identification procedures
Collectively, these standards ensure a comprehensive, systematic approach to the investigation, analysis, and management of sediment-impacted sites, facilitating consistent environmental risk management and remediation efforts.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
- SKU
- ASTM E3268-21
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