ASTM G73-10(2021) PDF
Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 19
- Дата публикации:
- 1 ноября 2021 г.
- Издание:
- G73
- ICS:
- 19.060
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (2).4 Ref (3) is an excellent comprehensive treatise. 5.2 Discussion of Erosion Resistance—Liquid impingement erosion and cavitation erosion are, broadly speaking, similar processes and the relative resistance of materials to them is similar. In both, the damage is associated with repeated, small-scale, high-intensity pressure pulses acting on the solid surface. The precise failure mechanisms in the solid have been shown to differ depending on the material, and on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the fluid-solid interactions (Note 1). Thus, “erosion resistance” should not be regarded as one precisely-definable property of a material, but rather as a complex of properties whose relative importance may differ depending on the variables just mentioned. (It has not yet been possible to successfully correlate erosion resistance with any independently measurable material property.) For these reasons, the consistency between relative erosion resistance as measured in different facilities or under different conditions is not very good. Differences between two materials of say 20 % or less are probably not significant: another test might well show them ranked in reverse order. For bulk materials such as metals and structural plastics, the... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Abstract
Overview
ASTM G73-10(2021): Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus provides a comprehensive methodology for assessing the erosion resistance of materials exposed to repeated liquid impacts. Developed by ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion, this international standard is vital for industries where materials must withstand environments involving high-velocity liquid drops or jets. The test method is notable for simulating discrete liquid impacts using rotating apparatus, enabling the evaluation of erosion and associated damage-such as loss of material, surface degradation, and failure of coatings-on a variety of solid specimens.
This ASTM standard outlines guidance for test setup, test procedures, analysis, and reporting. It emphasizes flexibility in apparatus and materials, allowing it to accommodate a wide range of testing conditions and objectives. The method also introduces standardized erosion resistance numbers, facilitating meaningful comparative assessments across different material types and facilities.
Key Topics
- Scope and Use: ASTM G73-10(2021) applies to the evaluation of solid specimens eroded or damaged due to repeated impacts from liquid drops or jets. It is not suited for assessing erosion from solid particle impacts, impingement corrosion, or continuous high-velocity jets, among other scenarios.
- Erosion Resistance Measurement: The method focuses on quantifying materials’ resistance to liquid impingement erosion by monitoring cumulative mass or volume loss over time. Results are analyzed using normalized erosion resistance numbers relative to reference materials.
- Flexible Apparatus: The standard offers guidance rather than mandating a specific test apparatus, acknowledging the diversity of materials and intended service environments.
- Reference Materials: Inclusion of standardized reference materials (such as stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and specified plastics) ensures consistent calibration and reliable comparison across tests.
- Data Analysis: The standard describes generating cumulative erosion-time curves, determining key attributes like incubation period and maximum erosion rate, and provides for normalized resistance calculations.
- Reporting Requirements: Clear instruction is provided on documenting test parameters, specimen preparation, and detailed results, supporting transparency and reproducibility.
Applications
ASTM G73-10(2021) is widely applicable in sectors where materials face high-speed liquid impacts, such as:
- Aerospace & Defense: Evaluating rain erosion resistance of aircraft and missile radomes, canopies, and coatings.
- Energy & Power Generation: Assessing wear on turbine blades, cooling system components, and structural plastics exposed to liquid jets.
- Automotive & Transportation: Testing durability of windscreen coatings and external polymer components.
- Material Development & Quality Assurance: Comparing new alloys, ceramics, plastics, and advanced coatings for resistance to liquid impingement erosion.
- Research & Development: Investigating erosion mechanisms, optimizing material formulations, and improving predictive models for material life in erosive liquid environments.
Related Standards
For comprehensive assessment and methodological complementarity, the following standards are frequently referenced alongside ASTM G73-10(2021):
- ASTM G32: Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
- ASTM G134: Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet
- ASTM E92: Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials
- ASTM E140: Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
- ASTM G1: Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
- MIL-C-83231: Coatings, Polyurethane, Rain Erosion Resistance for Exterior Aircraft and Missile Plastic Parts
- MIL-P-8184: Plastic Sheet, Acrylic, Modified
ASTM G73-10(2021) ensures a standardized, universally recognized approach for evaluating materials’ resistance to liquid impingement erosion, supporting the drive for safer, more durable, and cost-effective material selection in demanding environments.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- G02 - Wear and Erosion
- SKU
- ASTM G73-10(2021)
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