ISO 10470:2004

Overview

ISO 10470:2004 - Green coffee: Defect reference chart provides a standardized chart for identifying and assessing the main categories of defects found in green (unroasted) coffee. The chart applies irrespective of species, variety or post‑harvest processing (wet or dry). It quantifies each defect’s impact using simple coefficients for both loss of mass and sensorial concern (0 = no influence; 0.5 = medium; 1 = serious). The standard is intended to support consistent lot classification, trading, purchasing contracts and quality assessment worldwide.

Key Topics

• Five defect categories: foreign matter (non-coffee), non‑bean matter from the fruit, irregularly formed beans, visual appearance defects, and off‑taste defects revealed by cupping.
• Defect definitions: clear descriptions (e.g., stones, husk fragments, insect‑damaged beans, black/amber/brown/immature beans, spongy beans, stinker/off‑taste beans).
• Scoring system: coefficients indicating the effect on mass recovery and sensory quality; used to calculate an overall assessment of a lot.
• Annexes:
  • Annex A - causes of defects, effects on roast/brew flavour, and removal possibilities.
  • Annex B - application example demonstrating how the chart is applied.
  • Annex C - photographs of defects to aid visual identification.
• Normative reference: ISO 3509 (coffee vocabulary) is referenced for consistent terminology.

Applications

ISO 10470 is practical for professionals across the coffee value chain who need consistent, objective defect assessment:

• Green coffee traders and brokers - standardizes lot presentation and grading for sale or exchange.
• Importers and purchasers - helps estimate quality, potential yield loss and sensory risk before purchase.
• Roasters and quality managers - informs sampling, cupping protocols and sorting priorities (mechanical or optical).
• Quality control labs and cup tasters - provides a common language to document defects and correlate with cupping results.
• Contract writers and exchanges - defect definitions can be incorporated into bilateral purchasing contracts or stock exchange specifications.

Practical benefits include improved transparency in trade, better risk estimation for mass loss and off‑flavours, and guidance on where sorting or removal efforts yield the greatest return.

Related Standards

• ISO 3509 - Coffee and its products: vocabulary (normative reference used in ISO 10470).
• ISO/TC 34 / SC 15 - technical committee responsible for coffee standards development.

Keywords: ISO 10470, green coffee, defect reference chart, coffee defects, loss of mass, sensorial concern, coffee grading, cupping, green coffee quality.