ISO 11010-1:2022

Overview

ISO 11010-1:2022 - "Passenger cars - Simulation model classification - Part 1: Vehicle dynamics" defines a systematic framework for classifying vehicle simulation models used in vehicle dynamics studies. The standard provides a structured way to specify model requirements, assign driving manoeuvres to model types, and recommend model characteristics to achieve adequate simulation quality for performance tests, ADAS and automated driving (ADAS/AD) development.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Model classification framework: Divides the vehicle simulation into model classes (vehicle/body, aerodynamics, brakes, powertrain, steering, suspension, tyre, road surface, etc.) and further into model types reflecting typical modelling methods.
• Model designation numbers: Standardized numbering to indicate model depth and dynamic fidelity:
  • Physical system force-element levels: 0 (none), 1 (steady state), 2 (first order), 3 (second order).
  • Controller levels: 0 (none) → 4 (ECU-in-the-loop/HiL) with sublevels for principal logic, MiL, SiL, vECU and PiL.
• Driving manoeuvre taxonomy: Manoeuvres are structured and clustered so tests (e.g., lane change, braking, slalom) can be mapped to appropriate model classes and types using allocation and requirements tables.
• Simulation quality recommendations: Guidance on selectable model characteristics that are considered adequate for performance testing; these recommendations can be adapted for functional testing.
• Test-in-the-loop terminologies: Clear definitions of MiL (Model-in-the-Loop), SiL (Software-in-the-Loop), PiL (Processor-in-the-Loop), and ECU-in-the-Loop (HiL/vECU) to harmonize test setups and expectations.

Applications and who uses it

ISO 11010-1:2022 is practical for:

• Automotive simulation engineers and model developers specifying required fidelity for vehicle dynamics models.
• ADAS and automated driving teams defining virtual testbeds for control-algorithm validation.
• Test engineers planning MiL/SiL/PiL/HiL setups and exchanging models between partners.
• Regulators, integrators and OEMs seeking repeatable, comparable simulation results across projects. Practical uses include model selection for performance tests, mapping driving manoeuvres to simulation fidelity, and documenting model inputs/outputs for model exchange.

Related standards

• ISO 3833 (Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions) - normative reference for terminology.
• ISO 8855 - referenced for steady-state equilibrium definitions used in steady state models.
• Useful in conjunction with other ISO vehicle-dynamics and ADAS testing standards.

ISO 11010-1:2022 helps standardize simulation model classification, improving comparability, model reuse and traceability across vehicle dynamics, ADAS and automated-driving development efforts. Keywords: ISO 11010-1:2022, simulation model classification, vehicle dynamics, ADAS, MiL, SiL, PiL, HiL, model designation.