ISO 11024-1:1998

Overview

ISO 11024-1:1998 - Essential oils - General guidance on chromatographic profiles - Part 1 provides guidance for preparing chromatographic profiles of essential oils for presentation in standards. It specifies how to determine a profile by gas chromatography on a capillary column (GC-capillary) and how to select representative and characteristic components with minimum and maximum concentration limits. The standard defines the chromatographic profile as a tool for quality assessment and specification, based on relative peak area proportions rather than absolute concentrations.

Key topics and requirements

• Analytical principle: GC on a capillary column with a split injector and flame ionization detector (FID); results expressed by the peak area normalization method (internal normalization) per ISO 7609.
• Sample selection: Profiles are built from a large set of commercially produced samples judged pure and organoleptically good, sampled over several years and known botanical/geographical origin.
• Apparatus performance check: Use of a specified standard test mixture (contains components such as 1,8‑cineole (eucalyptol), linalool, linalyl acetate, eugenol, β‑caryophyllene, etc.) to verify resolution, sensitivity and elution; target area percent ranges and signal‑to‑noise limits are defined.
• Component selection: Identify up to 12 representative components (present in all samples) and additional characteristic components (help differentiate varieties or flag toxicologically relevant constituents such as thujone or camphor).
• Fixing concentration limits: Determine concentrations by peak‑area percent, compute mean and standard deviation, iteratively remove outliers using a 95% confidence interval (m ± 1.96·s) until stable; remaining bounds become the minimum and maximum limits (ratios may also be specified).
• Reporting: Test report must include methods, operating conditions, number of samples and years considered, and any incidents or statistical options used.

Practical applications

• Development of official standards and specifications for essential oils.
• Quality control in production and trade: identity verification, batch comparison, and detection of adulteration or variety confusion.
• Regulatory compliance: setting limits for toxicologically relevant components (e.g., thujones, camphor) in food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals.
• Laboratory validation and troubleshooting of GC systems using the standard test mixture and performance criteria.

Who should use this standard

• Standards developers and technical committees for essential oils
• Analytical chemists and chromatographers in industry and testing labs
• Quality assurance teams at essential‑oil producers and exporters
• Regulatory authorities and conformity assessment bodies

Related standards

• ISO 11024-2 - Utilization of chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils
• ISO 7609 - GC analysis of essential oils on capillary columns (general method)
• ISO 356 - Preparation of test samples

Keywords: ISO 11024-1, essential oils, chromatographic profile, gas chromatography, capillary column, peak area normalization, quality assessment, GC validation.