ISO 12913-1:2014

Overview

ISO 12913-1:2014 - Acoustics: Soundscape - Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework defines the term soundscape and establishes a conceptual framework to guide soundscape studies, measurement and reporting, and the planning, design and management of acoustic environments. The standard distinguishes the perceptual construct (soundscape) from the physical phenomenon (acoustic environment) and emphasizes that soundscape assessment is based on human perception of sound in context.

Key Topics

• Definitions
  • Soundscape: acoustic environment as perceived, experienced and/or understood by people, in context.
  • Acoustic environment: sound from all sources as modified by the environment (actual or simulated, indoor or outdoor).
• Conceptual framework - Seven interconnected elements:
  1. Context (person, activity, place, time)
  2. Sound sources (traffic, nature, voices, etc.)
  3. Acoustic environment (propagation, reflection, reverberation)
  4. Auditory sensation (neural processing, binaural hearing, psychoacoustics)
  5. Interpretation of auditory sensation (perception, expectations, cultural factors)
  6. Responses (short-term reactions, behaviour)
  7. Outcomes (long-term attitudes, wellbeing, visitor experiences)
• Factors affecting measurement and reporting
  • Meteorological conditions, hearing impairments, visual cues, odours, time of day, emotional state, perceived control and activity.
• Measurement principle
  • Assessment and evaluation should be based on human perception of the acoustic environment (not solely on measured sound levels).
• Foundations in psychoacoustics
  • Acknowledges binaural hearing, masking, spectral and temporal patterns as relevant to soundscape perception.

Applications

ISO 12913-1:2014 provides a structured basis for:

• Soundscape research and standardized reporting of studies
• Urban and landscape planning where acoustic quality affects user experience
• Design of public spaces (parks, plazas, transport hubs) to support desired soundscapes
• Acoustic management and mitigation strategies focused on sound sources and contextual factors
• Policy development and community engagement on environmental noise and wellbeing

Who should use it

• Acousticians and audio engineers
• Urban planners, landscape architects and designers
• Environmental and public health consultants
• Researchers in soundscape ecology, psychoacoustics and environmental psychology
• Local authorities and policy makers involved in noise management

Related standards

• ISO 12913 series (Part 2: minimum reporting requirements is under preparation) - consult the ISO 12913 family for reporting and implementation guidance.

Keywords: ISO 12913-1:2014, soundscape, acoustics, acoustic environment, soundscape studies, measurement and reporting, urban soundscape, psychoacoustics, soundscape management.