ISO 13381-1:2025

Overview

ISO 13381-1:2025 - Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machine systems - Prognostics - Part 1: General guidelines and requirements - provides high-level guidance and mandatory requirements for developing and applying prognosis processes for machine systems. The third edition updates definitions, data requirements, modelling types and failure modelling techniques to help stakeholders produce reliable predictions of remaining useful life (RUL) and estimated time to failure (ETTF). The standard is intended to align terminology and practices so developers, providers, users and manufacturers can share consistent prognostics concepts.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and purpose: Establish common concepts for prognostics and set out requirements for accurate prediction of future machine condition and risk.
• Data requirements: Detailed collection requirements including design specifications, monitored parameters, historical operation and maintenance records, failure investigation data, environmental inputs, and manufacturing configuration. Emphasizes data needed to validate and improve prognosis models.
• Prognosis concepts: Definitions and use of terms such as prognosis, prognostics, confidence level, RUL, predictive horizon, and ETTF.
• Failure and deterioration models: Guidance on modelling failure-mode behavior, modelling types (analytical, statistical, AI/ML), and integration of damage initiation and progression models.
• Generic prognosis process: Lifecycle from preprocessing and existing/future failure-mode prognosis to post-action prognosis and reporting. Includes guidance on confidence level determination and reporting formats.
• Trending and limits: Setting alert, alarm and trip (shutdown) limits and multi-parameter analysis for more robust prognostics.
• Support tools and techniques: Curve fitting, projection, superimposition, FMECA/FMSA, and AI/ML approaches where appropriate.

Practical applications and users

ISO 13381-1:2025 is practical for:

• Reliability, maintenance and condition monitoring engineers implementing predictive maintenance programs.
• Asset managers and operations teams using prognostics to schedule maintenance, reduce downtime and optimize spare parts.
• OEMs and system integrators designing prognostic-enabled equipment or digital twins.
• Data scientists and AI/ML engineers developing models for RUL estimation and failure prediction.
• Training providers and consultants who need standardized terminology and processes for workforce development.

Typical applications include RUL estimation, alarm/threshold setting, prognosis confidence assessment, component life-extension strategies, and integration of prognosis outputs with CMMS/ERP for cost-benefit decisions.

Related standards (normative references)

• ISO 2041 - Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vocabulary
• ISO 13372 - Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Vocabulary
• ISO 13379‑1 - Data interpretation and diagnostics techniques - General guidelines
• ISO 17359 - Condition monitoring and diagnostics - General guidelines
• IEC 60812 (referenced for FMECA procedure)

Keywords: ISO 13381-1:2025, prognostics, condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, RUL, ETTF, failure modes, data requirements, confidence level.