ISO 14356:2024

Overview

ISO 14356:2024 - "Dentistry - Duplicating material" defines requirements and test methods for duplicating materials used in dentistry to form flexible moulds for producing positive refractory investment copies of properly blocked-out master models. This second edition updates the 2003 standard with revised figures, terminology and format. The standard covers both reversible and non‑reversible duplicating materials and focuses on performance attributes and conformity assessment needed by manufacturers, dental laboratories and testing laboratories.

Key topics and requirements

The standard specifies mandatory requirements and detailed test procedures, including:

• Classification by type - distinguishes materials by behaviour and intended processing (e.g., Type 1 materials that require melting/pouring and Type 2 materials with component colours).
• Material characteristics - general requirements and specific properties such as:
  • Melting and pouring temperature (Type 1)
  • Component colour consistency (Type 2)
  • Detail reproduction - ability to capture fine surface detail
  • Compatibility with refractory investment and gypsum - chemical and physical compatibility for accurate positive copies
  • Elastic recovery - ability to return to shape after deformation
  • Tear strength - resistance to tearing during demoulding and handling
  • Resistance to fungal growth - required for certain agar (Type 1) materials
• Sampling and specimen preparation - protocols for representative sampling and preparation of test specimens
• Test methods and laboratory conditions - verification of apparatus, test environment, pass/fail criteria and expression of test results
• Packaging, labelling and instructions for use - required information on containers, shelf life, handling and manufacturer guidance

The document provides step‑by‑step procedures for each specific test (melting temperature, detail reproduction, compatibility, elastic recovery, tear strength and fungal growth resistance) and rules for reporting outcomes.

Applications and who uses it

ISO 14356:2024 is directly applicable to:

• Dental material manufacturers - product design, quality control and regulatory compliance
• Dental laboratories and prosthodontists - selecting duplicating materials for model duplication and refractory casting workflows
• Testing and certification bodies - performing standardized tests and issuing conformity reports
• Purchasing and quality managers - evaluating supplier claims on performance (detail reproduction, tear strength, elastic recovery) The standard supports predictable reproduction of master models used in crowns, bridges, prostheses and other laboratory processes that rely on accurate refractory investment copies.

Related standards

Key normative references cited in ISO 14356:2024 include:

• ISO 1942 - Dentistry vocabulary
• ISO 6873 - Gypsum products
• ISO 15912 - Refractory investment and die material
• ASTM D624-00 - Tear strength test methods (rubbers/thermoplastic elastomers)

Keywords: ISO 14356, duplicating material, dental duplicating material, dentistry standard, refractory investment, elastic recovery, tear strength, detail reproduction, dental laboratory.