ISO 14990-1:2016
Earth-moving machinery — Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
Earth-moving machinery — Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 68
- Дата публикации:
- 26 октября 2016 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 14990 edition 1 version 1
- ICS:
- 53.100
ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders. It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V?36 kV DC ? including any repetition rate of pulsating DC ? intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. NOTE 1 Special considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to assess the risks and address them appropriately. ISO 14990-1:2016 covers all significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events relevant to the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3, which give provisions specific to the machine's power source that take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those parts of ISO 14990 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications of the machine. Even though this document addresses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an absolute guarantee of electrical safety. Areas of concern are included in the list of significant hazards found in Annex A. ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies requirements for on-board generators, electrically isolated from other low-voltage systems and provided as power sources for general-purpose socket outlets installed on EMMs, and transformer or inverter power sources for general-purpose socket outlets. NOTE 2 Local or regional requirements may also apply to general-purpose socket outlet arrangements. Although nominal 12 V and 24 V (alternator/battery) systems are not addressed, the meeting of some of the requirements, including those of PELV, will ensure that the low-voltage system is sufficiently isolated from 12 V and 24 V systems. ISO 14990-1:2016 does not address risks associated with explosive atmospheres, which are sometimes found in mining and other EMM applications.
Abstract
Overview
ISO 14990-1:2016 - Earth-moving machinery - Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 1: General requirements - defines general electrical safety requirements for earth‑moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165. It applies to on‑board voltages in the ranges 50 V–36 kV AC r.m.s. (any frequency) and 75 V–36 kV DC (including pulsating DC) intended for outdoor use. The standard addresses hazards to operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is the Part 1 (general requirements) companion to ISO 14990‑2 and ISO 14990‑3, which cover power‑source specific provisions.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope and definitions: establishes terms, voltage classes and intended operating environments (altitude, ingress protection, exposure).
- Protection against electric shock: enclosures, insulation, barriers, inaccessibility, PELV (Protective Extra‑Low Voltage), equipotential bonding and residual‑voltage mitigation.
- Fire and thermal hazards: fire hazard assessment, prevention of ignition and limiting fire spread from electrical systems.
- Abnormal operation protections: overcurrent protection (OCP), earth/fault protection, overvoltage (lightning/switching surge) measures and abnormal temperature safeguards.
- Wiring and cabling: conductor selection, insulation, ampacity, flexible cables, routing, connections, sliding contact systems, identification and clearance/creepage requirements.
- Electrical source & disconnection: source and equipment disconnecting devices, prevention of unintended start‑up, external charging and generator provisions for general‑purpose socket outlets.
- Risk assessment: covers significant hazards (see Annex A) and requires technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks when equipment is used as intended or under foreseeable misuse.
Applications and Who Uses It
ISO 14990‑1:2016 is used by:
- Manufacturers and OEM design teams for safe EMM electrical system design and compliance.
- Safety, systems and electrical engineers conducting risk assessments and validation.
- Maintenance planners and service organizations for safe procedures and isolation practices.
- Test labs and certification bodies assessing conformity with electrical safety requirements.
- Procurement and specification authors who need standardized requirements for components and assemblies.
Typical applications include electrified earth‑moving machines, retrofit electrical drives, on‑board power distribution, generator/inverter outlets on EMMs, and establishing safe wiring and protection strategies for outdoor heavy equipment.
Related Standards
- ISO 14990‑2 and ISO 14990‑3 (power‑source specific parts) - take precedence where applicable.
- ISO 6165 - definition and classification of earth‑moving machinery.
- Local and regional electrical regulations and codes may also apply to socket outlets, earthing and explosive‑atmosphere requirements (ISO 14990‑1 does not address explosive atmospheres).
Keywords: ISO 14990-1:2016, earth-moving machinery, electrical safety, electric drives, on-board voltages, equipotential bonding, overcurrent protection, PELV, wiring, ingress protection.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 127/SC 3 - Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, operation and maintenance
- SKU
- ISO 14990-1:2016
Похожие стандарты
Стандарты, упомянутые в описании
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