ISO 16994:2016

Name: ISO 16994:2016 — Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
SKU: ISO 16994:2016
Price: 25 EUR
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Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine

Название (английский):

ISO 16994:2016

Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine

Статус документа:: Отменён
Формат:: Электронный (PDF)
Количество страниц:: 11
Дата публикации:: 27 июня 2016 г.
Издание:: ISO IS 16994 edition 2 version 1
ICS:: 27.190

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Описание (английский):

ISO 16994:2016 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2016, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2016.

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Стандарты, упомянутые в описании

Overview

ISO 16994:2016 specifies standardized laboratory methods for measuring the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It defines two decomposition routes for sample preparation - combustion in an oxygen atmosphere (Method A) and closed‑vessel digestion (Method B) - and describes acceptable analytical techniques for quantifying sulfur and chlorine in the resulting solutions. The standard also allows the use of automatic equipment (e.g., elemental analysers, AOX analysers or IR detectors) provided that validation and performance checks are carried out.

Keywords: ISO 16994:2016, solid biofuels, total sulfur, total chlorine, sulfur determination, chlorine determination, biomass testing

Key topics and requirements

Scope: Determination of total S and Cl in solid biofuels; suitable for routine testing and method validation.

Decomposition methods:

Method A - Combustion in a closed oxygen atmosphere with absorption of acidic combustion products. (Combustion vessels used may be same as for calorific value testing, but must allow quantitative recovery.)
Method B - Digestion in closed vessels (as referenced to ISO 16967:2015).

Analytical techniques:

Ion chromatography (in line with ISO 10304‑1) for sulfate and chloride.
ICP-OES (ISO 11885) and other methods (e.g., titrimetry) are permitted where appropriate.

Automatic equipment: Permitted when validated against reference methods and biomass‑type matrices (woody, herbaceous, fruit) following CEN Guide 13 principles.

Quality assurance:

Use of CRMs/SRMs for calibration and method verification (examples given in the standard).
Requirement for blank tests, calibration procedures, and documented performance characteristics (Clause 10).

Apparatus examples: Analytical balance (0.1 mg), pellet press (approx. 13 mm pellets), combustion vessels, digestion vessels.

Applications & who uses it

ISO 16994:2016 is used by:

Laboratories performing fuel quality analysis and accreditation testing

Biofuel producers for product specification and quality control

Power plant and boiler operators to assess corrosion risk and emissions (SOx, chlorides)

Equipment manufacturers and maintenance teams to guide fuel acceptability

Regulators and certifiers for compliance testing related to emissions and fuel standards

Practical benefits include reliable measurement of feedstock contaminants that influence emissions, corrosion, ash behavior and downstream maintenance.

Related standards

ISO 10304‑1 (ion chromatography for anions)

ISO 11885 (ICP‑OES elemental analysis)

ISO 16967:2015 (sample digestion)

ISO 17225‑1 (biofuel fuel grades, typical S/Cl ranges)

ISO 18125, ISO 18134‑3 (related fuel tests)

CEN Guide 13 (validation of alternative/automatic methods)

For laboratories and industry stakeholders managing biomass quality, ISO 16994:2016 provides a validated framework to measure total sulfur and chlorine reliably and consistently across biomass types.

ISO 16994:2016

Abstract

Похожие стандарты

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Applications & who uses it

Related standards

Технические детали

ISO 16967:2015

Solid biofuels — Determination of major elements — Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti

BS EN ISO 10304-1:2009

Water quality. Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions. Determination of bromide,…

BS EN ISO 11885:2009

Water quality. Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry…

BS EN ISO 17225-1:2021

Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes. General requirements.

BS EN ISO 18125:2017

Solid biofuels. Determination of calorific value.

ISO 18134-3:2023

Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample