ISO 18825-2:2016

Overview

ISO 18825-2:2016 - Clothing - Digital fittings - Part 2 defines the vocabulary and terminology for attributes of the virtual human body used in virtual garment systems. It standardizes how virtual landmarks and virtual body dimensions are named and described for key body regions (torso, arms, legs, head, face, hands) and for virtual bones and joints. The goal is consistent, reliable representation of 3D bodies in digital fittings and virtual try-on systems so developers and the apparel industry can reduce sizing and fit errors in online retail.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Virtual landmarks and dimensions
  • Definitions for landmarks such as virtual top head point, virtual neck point, virtual shoulder point, virtual axillia point, virtual bust point, virtual underbust point, virtual side waist point, virtual back waist point, and others.
  • Descriptions target three‑dimensional virtual space and visual detection on x, y, z axes.
• Virtual bones and joints
  • Terminology covering composition of virtual skeletal elements, degree of freedom (DOF) and range of motion (ROM) for virtual joints used in clothing simulation.
• Expression and alteration of virtual body parts
  • Composition and alteration of the virtual torso, arms, legs, head, face and hands, including size, skin texture, pose, motion and facial expressions.
• Consistency with anthropometry
  • Aligns virtual definitions with human anthropometric concepts (e.g., ISO 8559) while adapting them for non‑contact, screen‑based measurement in 3D environments.
• Intended use
  • Primarily for developers of virtual garment systems to ensure consistent terminology and interoperable virtual models.

Practical applications and who uses it

• Virtual garment and fitting system developers - implement standardized landmark and dimension names to ensure consistent sizing, fit simulation and interoperability across tools.
• E‑commerce and online apparel retailers - improve virtual try‑on accuracy and customer confidence by adopting standardized virtual body semantics.
• 3D scanning and anthropometry teams - map scan outputs to standardized virtual landmarks for reliable datasets.
• Avatar and character teams (H‑Anim/CG) - ensure virtual human models follow recognized vocabulary for body parts, bones and joints.
• Product designers and pattern makers - use consistent virtual dimensions to test patterns digitally before physical prototyping.

Related standards

• ISO 8559 (Garment construction and anthropometric surveys)
• ISO 20685 (3‑D scanning methodologies)
• ISO/IEC 19774 (Humanoid Animation, H‑Anim)
• ISO/IEC 19794‑5 (Biometric face data)
• ISO 18825 series (Parts 1, 3–7 covering composition, bones/joints, torso/limbs, head/face, hand, foot)

Using ISO 18825-2:2016 helps reduce ambiguity in digital fittings, enabling more reliable virtual try‑on, better sizing accuracy, and improved cross‑platform compatibility for 3D apparel solutions.