ISO 19014-2:2022

Overview

ISO 19014-2:2022 - "Earth‑moving machinery - Functional safety - Part 2" provides principles for the design and evaluation of hardware and architecture requirements for safety‑related parts of the control system (SCS) used in earth‑moving machinery (EMM). It defines how to develop and assess the machine performance level achieved (MPLa) for safety control systems that use any energy source (electronic, electrical, hydraulic, mechanical). This Type‑C standard adapts ISO 13849 to the specific needs of earth‑moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Applies to machine control systems (MCS) that control motion or mitigate hazards; assessed against MPLr per ISO 19014‑1 or ISO/TS 19014‑5.
  • Excludes purely awareness systems (cameras, radar), most fire suppression, operator‑obvious failures (lights, wipers) and pre‑publication EMM.
• Hardware and architecture design
  • General system design requirements and hardware design principles for safety‑related components (electronic and non‑electronic).
• System safety performance evaluation
  • Methods to determine MPLa and perform hardware safety evaluation.
  • Fault analysis, fault exclusion, and mean time to dangerous failure (MTTFd) considerations.
  • Diagnostic coverage (DC) requirements for electronic safety control systems (ESCS) and non‑electronic systems (N/ESCS).
• Hydraulic system robustness (HSR)
  • System‑level fault reduction measures and HSR score calculation specific to hydraulic subsystems common in EMM.
• Category classifications and architectures
  • Category B/1/2 and other classifications, including handling of conflicting safety functions and fail‑operational considerations.
• Information for use and maintenance
  • Requirements for operator’s manuals, maintenance information and validation (referencing ISO 13849‑2).

Practical applications and users

Who uses ISO 19014‑2:

• Machine manufacturers designing control architectures for excavators, loaders, graders and other earth‑moving equipment.
• Safety engineers performing functional safety validation, MPL assessments and fault‑analysis.
• Regulators, testing bodies and OEM suppliers assessing compliance and component suitability.
• Service and maintenance teams using required documentation and diagnostic criteria for safe servicing.

Practical uses:

• Designing safety hardware architectures that achieve required MPL.
• Evaluating hydraulic and electronic subsystems for diagnostic performance and robustness.
• Combining multiple SCS to meet an overall MPL for complex machines.

Related standards

• ISO 19014‑1 (MPLr methodology)
• ISO 19014‑3 (environmental and test requirements)
• ISO 19014‑4 (software and data transmission)
• ISO/TS 19014‑5 (table of MPLs)
• ISO 13849‑1 / ISO 13849‑2 (general principles and validation)
• ISO 12100 (risk assessment and risk reduction)

Keywords: ISO 19014‑2, earth‑moving machinery, functional safety, machine performance level, safety‑control systems, hydraulic system robustness, diagnostic coverage, ISO 13849.