ISO 19136-2:2015
Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML) — Part 2: Extended schemas and encoding rules
Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML) — Part 2: Extended schemas and encoding rules
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 86
- Дата публикации:
- 4 августа 2015 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 19136 edition 1 version 1
- ICS:
- 35.240.70
The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in compliance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100‑ series of International Standards and including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features. ISO 19136-2:2015 defines the XML Schema syntax, mechanisms and conventions that: ? provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the description of geospatial application schemas for the transport and storage of geographic information in XML; ? allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities; ? support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities; ? enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets; ? support the storage and transport of application schemas and datasets; ? increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe. Implementers may decide to store geographic application schemas and information in GML, or they may decide to convert from some other storage format on demand and use GML only for schema and data transport. ISO 19136-2:2015 builds on ISO 19136:2007 (GML 3.2), and extends it with additional schema components and requirements. NOTE If an ISO 19109 conformant application schema described in UML is used as the basis for the storage and transportation of geographic information, this part of ISO 19136 provides normative rules for the mapping of such an application schema to a GML application schema in XML Schema and, as such, to an XML encoding for data with a logical structure in accordance with the ISO 19109 conformant application schema.
Abstract
Overview
ISO 19136-2:2015 - "Geographic information - Geography Markup Language (GML) - Part 2: Extended schemas and encoding rules" extends the core GML specification (ISO 19136:2007 / GML 3.2) with additional XML Schema components, encoding rules and conventions. It defines an open, vendor‑neutral framework for describing geospatial application schemas and for the transport and storage of geographic information (both spatial and non‑spatial properties) using XML/GML. The part also provides normative mapping rules when an ISO 19109 UML application schema is used as the basis for storage and transport.
Key topics and technical requirements
- XML Schema syntax and conventions for GML application schemas, including namespaces and MIME media types.
- Mechanisms to create profiles that represent proper subsets of the GML framework for constrained use-cases.
- Extended schema components covering compact encodings of commonly used geometries (e.g., SimplePolygon, SimpleRectangle, SimpleCircle, various arc encodings).
- Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs) and related types for terrain and surface modeling.
- Linear Referencing capabilities (position expressions, linear elements, offset and referent models) for route and asset location along linear features.
- Localization support (localisable strings and language types) and other additional base types.
- Conformance and mapping rules, including normative guidance to map ISO 19109 UML application schemas to GML XML Schema and XML encodings.
- Support for linked application schemas and datasets, and provisions for storage vs. transport strategies (store in GML or convert on demand).
Practical applications
ISO 19136-2:2015 is intended for organizations and projects that need a standardized XML encoding for complex geospatial models and datasets. Use cases include:
- Exchanging geospatial application schemas and datasets between GIS platforms and web services.
- Encoding terrain models and surfaces using TIN for engineering, hydrology or 3D modeling.
- Implementing linear-referencing systems for transportation networks, utility asset management, and route-based analytics.
- Creating constrained GML profiles for domain-specific applications to ensure interoperability.
- Enabling multilingual metadata and localized content in geospatial data exchanges.
Who should use this standard
- GIS software and data implementers, developers and vendors
- Spatial data custodians and national mapping agencies
- Systems integrators building geospatial data exchange pipelines
- Standards bodies and interoperability program managers
- Domain experts requiring precise encoding rules (transportation, utilities, environmental modeling)
Related standards
- ISO 19136:2007 (GML 3.2) - core GML specification
- ISO 19118 - XML encoding rules for geographic information
- ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema (UML mapping guidance)
- ISO 19100 series - conceptual modelling framework for geographic information
Keywords: ISO 19136-2:2015, Geography Markup Language, GML, XML Schema, geospatial application schema, GML 3.2, TIN, linear referencing, ISO 19109.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics
- SKU
- ISO 19136-2:2015
Похожие стандарты
Стандарты, упомянутые в описании
ISO 19136:2007
ОтменёнGeographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML)
ISO 19109:2015
ОтменёнGeographic information — Rules for application schema
Overview ISO 19109:2015 - Geographic information - Rules for application schema defines rules and principles for creating, documenting and integrating application schemas for geographic information.…