ISO 21384-2:2021

Overview

ISO 21384-2:2021 - Unmanned aircraft systems - Part 2: UAS components defines system-level requirements to ensure the quality and safety of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) that include unmanned aircraft (UA), remote pilot stations (RPS), command-and-control (C2) links, payloads and associated support equipment. The standard addresses expected operational use of UAS and is applicable where a State aviation authority has determined a Certificate of Airworthiness is not required, to complement certification technical standards, or as an accepted alternative means of compliance. It explicitly excludes passenger‑carrying UAS and equipment considerations unique to UAS traffic management systems.

Key topics and technical requirements

ISO 21384-2 covers a broad set of component- and system-level topics important for UAS safety, reliability and supportability:

• General design requirements - function, reliability, maintainability, documentation and support considerations for UAS as systems.
• Aircraft structures - construction, damage tolerance and durability expectations for UA structures and attached/moving parts.
• Propulsion and thrust systems - risk management for engines/motors, propellers/rotors, mounting and installation practices.
• Electrical systems and energy sources - airborne and ground electrical safety, power systems for RPS, battery protection and handling, fuels and fuel‑cell safeguards.
• Flight control and avionics - flight control system hardware/software design, actuators, diagnostics, sensors (GNSS, IMU, altimeter, airspeed, optical), redundancy and failure‑mode management.
• C2 Link and data features - performance, antenna design, operational requirements, latency/delay characteristics, reliability and security.
• Remote Pilot Station (RPS) - ergonomic and human‑factors design, monitoring and mission planning tools, functional and structural requirements.
• Support, transport and labeling - packaging, storage, labelling, maintenance planning and documentation for lifecycle support.

The standard emphasizes safety, traceability, lifecycle supportability, redundancy, and security rather than prescribing component-level manufacturing processes.

Practical applications and who uses it

ISO 21384-2 is used by:

• UAS manufacturers and system integrators designing compliant systems and selecting components.
• Product engineers and safety managers establishing design, testing and documentation practices.
• Maintenance and operations teams planning supportability, packaging and transport procedures.
• Certification bodies and national aviation authorities as a complement or alternative means of compliance.
• Procurement specialists and third‑party test labs evaluating UAS performance, reliability and security.

This standard helps align UAS development with recognized safety and quality expectations, reducing regulatory risk and improving interoperability.

Related standards

• Other parts of the ISO 21384 series (system-level and operational guidance) and applicable national aviation certification standards and airworthiness guidance are commonly referenced alongside ISO 21384-2 for comprehensive compliance and certification strategies.

Keywords: ISO 21384-2, UAS components, unmanned aircraft systems, C2 link, remote pilot station, flight control, UAS safety, battery protection, UAS design requirements.