ISO 22854:2025

Overview

ISO 22854:2025 - “Liquid petroleum products - Determination of hydrocarbon types and oxygenates in automotive‑motor gasoline and in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Multidimensional gas chromatography method” - specifies a multidimensional gas chromatography (GC) test method to quantify saturates, olefins, aromatics, benzene, toluene, a range of oxygenated compounds, and total oxygen content in automotive motor gasoline, small‑engine petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. Although developed for oxygenated motor gasoline, the method also applies to hydrocarbon streams with similar boiling ranges (e.g., naphthas, reformates). The fifth edition updates procedure options, precision data and harmonization with related methods.

Key Topics

• Multidimensional gas chromatography (GC) technique for enhanced separation of complex fuel mixtures.
• Determination of hydrocarbon groups: saturates, olefins, aromatics (including benzene and toluene).
• Identification and quantification of oxygenates (alcohols, ethers) and calculation of total oxygen content (mass fraction).
• Three defined procedures to suit product types:
  • Procedure A - routine motor gasoline analysis.
  • Procedure B - optimized for ethanol (E85) and high‑oxygenate fuels (E85 is addressed in the range ~50–85 % v/v ethanol).
  • Procedure C - for small‑engine petrol and very low aromaticity fuels.
• Supporting requirements: sampling, reagents, apparatus specification, conditioning, sample preparation, tuning/validation, calculation methods (mass/volume fraction) and precision (repeatability and reproducibility).
• Harmonization and alignment with ASTM D6839; examples and chromatograms included for correct identification of oxygenates.

Applications

• Quality control and compliance testing in fuel production and distribution (refineries, blending terminals).
• Regulatory and specification verification for gasoline standards (e.g., EN 228, low‑aromatic specifications like EN 17867).
• E85 blend verification and monitoring of oxygenate content for vehicle‑fuel compatibility.
• Emissions and health risk assessment through precise benzene and toluene measurement.
• Analytical laboratories performing advanced GC for complex hydrocarbon streams (naphthas, reformates).

Who should use this standard

• Fuel testing laboratories and QC teams in refineries and terminals.
• Standards bodies and regulators establishing fuel specifications.
• Instrument manufacturers and method developers for multidimensional GC.
• Environmental and emissions testing laboratories.

Related standards

• ISO 3170, ISO 3171 (sampling of petroleum liquids)
• ASTM D6839 (harmonized GC method aspects)
• EN 228, EN 17867 (fuel specifications)

Keywords: ISO 22854:2025, multidimensional gas chromatography, GC method, automotive motor gasoline, E85, oxygenates, benzene, toluene, aromatics, fuel analysis.