ISO 24157:2008

Overview

ISO 24157:2008 - Ophthalmic optics and instruments: Reporting aberrations of the human eye - specifies standardized methods for reporting optical aberrations of the human eye. The standard defines coordinate and sign conventions, formal representations of wavefront data, and documentation formats to ensure consistent, reproducible reporting across clinical, research and manufacturing contexts.

Key Topics

• Scope and purpose
  • Standardizes how to report aberrations of the human eye (wavefront error, OPD, RMS).
• Coordinate system
  • Uses the standard ophthalmic coordinate system per ISO 8429: x = local horizontal, y = local vertical, z = line of sight; pupil centre as origin and defined sign conventions.
• Wavefront definitions
  • Defines wavefront error (W(x,y)), optical path-length difference (OPD) and wavefront gradient; units in metres (typically micrometres).
• Representation methods
  • Primary method: expansion as sums of Zernike polynomial functions and associated Zernike coefficients (normalized and un‑normalized).
  • Alternative representations: wavefront gradient fields or direct wavefront error function values and topographical maps.
• Data presentation
  • Rules for presenting normalized Zernike coefficients, magnitude/axis forms, topographic maps, and pooled population data.
  • Requirement that each coefficient set be accompanied by the aperture diameter used to generate it.
• Quality metrics
  • Definition and computation of RMS wavefront error (excluding piston and average tilt).
  • Guidance on gradient fit error when fitting slopes to Zernike terms.
• Informative annexes
  • Methods to generate Zernike coefficients from slope data, conversion procedures for differing aperture sizes, decentration and rotation, notation conversion, and tables/algorithms (including normalized Zernike polynomials through 6th radial order).

Applications and Users

ISO 24157:2008 is intended for:

• Clinical researchers studying ocular aberrations and vision quality.
• Eye care professionals and optometrists documenting higher‑order aberrations.
• Medical device manufacturers of aberrometers, wavefront sensors and refractive surgical planning tools.
• Optical laboratories producing custom optical corrections (e.g., scleral lenses, customized contact lenses). Practical benefits include consistent reporting for device validation, cross‑study comparison, regulatory submissions, and improved communication between clinicians, researchers and manufacturers.

Related Standards

• ISO 8429 (Ophthalmic coordinate system and graduated dial scales) - referenced for coordinate conventions.
• Informative annexes in ISO 24157 itself provide conversion and algorithm guidance for interoperability.

Keywords: ISO 24157:2008, ophthalmic optics, reporting aberrations, Zernike coefficients, wavefront error, RMS wavefront error, wavefront gradient, aberrometry.