ISO 24394:2023

Overview

ISO 24394:2023 - Welding for aerospace applications - Qualification test for welders and welding operators - Fusion welding of metallic components - defines minimum requirements for qualifying personnel who perform fusion welding on metallic aerospace hardware. The third edition (2023) is a prescriptive test standard used to demonstrate that a welder or welding operator has the necessary practical skill and theoretical knowledge for new production and repair work in aerospace. Note: welding equipment operators who only run automatic equipment and have no direct influence on joint quality are not required to be qualified under this document.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope of qualification: Covers welder and welding operator tests for fusion welding of metallic materials used in aerospace.
• Test structure:
  • Practical (hands-on) qualification tests and a theory exam.
  • Test piece selection based on parent material form, joint type (butt/groove, fillet), welding process, material group, thickness ranges and welding positions.
  • Welding coordinator/fabricator selects appropriate test piece(s); special test pieces and complementary tests are included.
• Welding operator classification: Based on welding process and machine type (e.g., longitudinal, orbital, circumferential, robotic) - additional machine-type qualifications may be required.
• Examinations and NDT: Visual inspection, dimensional checks, surface imperfection detection, radiographic examination, metallographic tests, bend tests and fracture-surface examinations.
• Documentation and compliance: Test record, acceptance criteria, qualification certificate, period of validity and requalification requirements are specified. Annexes provide templates and guidance (test-piece acceptance criteria, test records, certificate examples, theory-test guidelines).
• Related control documents: Uses terms such as WPS (welding procedure specification) and pWPS; aligns with welding coordination and NDT competency standards.

Practical applications and users

Who uses ISO 24394:2023:

• Aerospace manufacturers, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) organizations.
• Welding coordinators, quality managers, and production engineers responsible for personnel qualification.
• Training bodies and examining bodies that administer welder/welding-operator tests. Practical benefits:
• Ensures consistently qualified welding personnel for critical aerospace structures.
• Standardizes qualification across production and repair environments, improving traceability and airworthiness compliance.
• Provides objective acceptance criteria and documentation for audits and regulatory review.

Related standards (for implementation)

• ISO 6520-1 (geometric imperfections classification)
• ISO 6947 (welding positions)
• ISO 9606-2 (welder qualification - aluminium)
• ISO 14731 (welding coordination)
• ISO 18490 (vision acuity for NDT personnel)
• EN 4179 (NDT personnel qualification in aerospace)

Keywords: ISO 24394:2023, welding for aerospace applications, welder qualification, welding operator qualification, fusion welding, metallic components, aerospace welding standard, WPS, NDT, welder certification.