ISO 24610-2:2011
Language resource management — Feature structures — Part 2: Feature system declaration
Language resource management — Feature structures — Part 2: Feature system declaration
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 55
- Дата публикации:
- 26 сентября 2011 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 24610 edition 1 version 1
- ICS:
- 01.140.20
ISO 24610-2:2011 provides a format to represent, store or exchange feature structures in natural language applications, for both annotation and production of linguistic data. It is ultimately designed to provide a computer format to define a type hierarchy and to declare the constraints that bear on a set of feature specifications and operations on feature structures, thus offering means to check the conformance of each feature structure with regards to a reference specification. Feature structures are an essential part of many linguistic formalisms as well as an underlying mechanism for representing the information consumed or produced by and for language engineering applications. A feature system declaration (FSD) is an auxiliary file used in conjunction with a certain type of text that makes use of fs (that is, feature structure) elements. The FSD serves four purposes. 1) It provides an encoding by which types and their subtyping and inheritance relationships can be introduced and defined, thus laying the basis for constructing a feature system. 2) It provides a mechanism by which the encoder can list all of the feature names and feature values and give a prose description as to what each represents. 3) It provides a mechanism by which type constraints can be declared, against which typed feature structures are validated relative to a given theory stated in typed feature logic. These constraints may involve constraints on the range of a feature's value, constraints on which features are permitted within certain types of feature structures, or constraints that prevent the co-occurrence of certain feature-value pairs. The source of these constraints is normally the empirical domain being modelled. 4) It provides a mechanism by which the encoder can define the intended interpretation of underspecified feature structures. This involves defining default values (whether literal or computed) for missing features. The scheme described in ISO 24610-2:2011 may be used to document any feature system, but is primarily intended for use with the typed feature structure representation defined in ISO 24610-1. The feature structure representations of ISO 24610-1 specify data structures that are subject to the typing conventions and constraints specified using ISO 24610-2:2011. The feature structure representations of ISO 24610-1 are also used within some of the elements defined in ISO 24610-2:2011.
Abstract
Overview
ISO 24610-2:2011 - Language resource management - Feature structures - Part 2: Feature system declaration - defines a machine-readable format for documenting and validating typed feature structures used in natural language processing (NLP) and language resource management. The standard specifies the structure of a feature system declaration (FSD): an auxiliary XML-based file that introduces type hierarchies, lists features and values, declares constraints, and defines interpretation rules (defaults and underspecification). ISO 24610-2 is intended to be used primarily with ISO 24610-1 (feature structure representation) to enable exchange, validation and conformance checking of linguistic annotations and generated data.
Key topics and requirements
- Definition of a feature system declaration (FSD) for representing a feature system that includes:
- Type hierarchies and subtyping/inheritance relationships
- A catalog of feature names and admissible feature values with prose descriptions
- Admissibility constraints and implicational constraints (rule-like “if G then H” constraints) to validate typed feature structures
- Mechanisms for underspecification and default values to define intended interpretations of incomplete feature structures
- Formal notions covered: typed feature structures, subsumption/extension, feature value ranges, and validity vs. well-formedness
- XML support: normative references and an XML schema (annex) and examples demonstrating FSD usage
- Validation guidance for checking conformance of fs elements to a declared theory expressed in typed feature logic
Practical applications and users
ISO 24610-2 is practical for anyone who needs a standardized, interoperable way to define and validate linguistic feature specifications:
- NLP engineers and computational linguists defining grammar feature systems for parsers, taggers or unification-based formalisms
- Corpus builders and annotation tool developers creating or enforcing annotation schemas for linguistic corpora
- Language resource managers, lexicographers and digital humanities projects that exchange annotated data between tools
- Localization and text-processing teams that need deterministic handling of underspecified annotations via default value definitions Practical uses include schema-driven validation of annotations, documenting type/feature inventories for reproducible research, and enabling tool-to-tool interoperability using a shared FSD.
Related standards
- ISO 24610-1:2006 - Feature structure representation (primary companion standard)
- ISO/IEC 19757-2 (RELAX NG) - referenced for XML validation mechanisms
Keywords: ISO 24610-2, feature structures, feature system declaration, FSD, typed feature structures, language resource management, XML schema, validation, type hierarchy, NLP, annotation.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 37/SC 4 - Language resource management
- SKU
- ISO 24610-2:2011
Похожие стандарты
Стандарты, упомянутые в описании
ISO 24610-1:2006
ДействующийLanguage resource management — Feature structures — Part 1: Feature structure representation
Overview ISO 24610-1:2006 / ISO 24610-1:2006 specifies a standardized format for representing, storing and exchanging feature structures used in language resource management and natural language proc…