ISO 26900:2024
Space data and information transfer systems — Orbit data messages
Space data and information transfer systems — Orbit data messages
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 225
- Дата публикации:
- 9 февраля 2024 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 26900 edition 2 version 1
- ICS:
- 49.140
This document specifies four standard message formats for use in transferring spacecraft orbit information between space agencies and commercial or governmental spacecraft operators: The Orbit Parameter Message (OPM), the Orbit Mean-Elements Message (OMM), the Orbit Ephemeris Message (OEM), and the Orbit Comprehensive Message (OCM). Such exchanges are used for: a) pre-flight planning for tracking or navigation support; b) scheduling tracking support; c) carrying out tracking operations (sometimes called metric predicts); d) performing orbit comparisons; e) carrying out navigation operations such as orbit propagation and orbit reconstruction; f) assessing mutual physical and electromagnetic interference among satellites orbiting the same celestial body (primarily Earth, Moon, and Mars at present); g) performing orbit conjunction (collision avoidance) studies; and h) developing and executing collaborative maneuvers to mitigate interference or enhance mutual operations. This document includes sets of requirements and criteria that the message formats have been designed to meet. For exchanges in which these requirements do not capture the needs of the participating agencies and satellite operators, another mechanism may be selected. This document is an international standard published under the auspices of CCSDS and International Standards Organization (ISO) Technical Committee 20, Subcommittee 13, developed jointly and in concert with the ISO TC20/SC14. As such, this CCSDS standard is also properly labeled as ISO 26900. The recommended Orbit Data Message format is ASCII (reference REF R_ISO_IEC_8859_1_1998 \h [4] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000001600000052005F00490053004F005F004900450043005F0038003800350039005F0031005F0031003900390038000000 ). This document describes both ‘Keyword = Value Notation’ (KVN) as well as Extensible Markup Language (XML) (reference REF R_505x0b3XMLSpecificationforNavigationDa \h[5] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000002800000052005F00350030003500780030006200330058004D004C00530070006500630069006600690063006100740069006F006E0066006F0072004E0061007600690067006100740069006F006E0044000000 ) formatted messages. Selection of KVN or XML format should be mutually agreed between message exchange partners. NOTE – As currently specified, an OPM, OMM, or OEM file is to represent orbit data for a single spacecraft, and the OCM is to represent orbit data for either a single spacecraft or single parent spacecraft of a parent/child spacecraft deployment scenario. It is possible that the architecture may support multiple spacecraft per file; this could be considered in the future.
Abstract
Overview
ISO 26900:2024 - “Space data and information transfer systems - Orbit data messages” - defines standardized message formats for exchanging spacecraft orbit information. Published jointly as a CCSDS recommended standard (CCSDS 502.0-B-3), ISO 26900:2024 specifies four orbit data message types: Orbit Parameter Message (OPM), Orbit Mean‑Elements Message (OMM), Orbit Ephemeris Message (OEM), and Orbit Comprehensive Message (OCM). The standard supports both Keyword = Value Notation (KVN) and XML encodings (recommended ASCII/ISO‑8859‑1), with format choice agreed by exchange partners.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Standard message types: OPM, OMM, OEM for single-spacecraft orbit data; OCM for single spacecraft or a parent spacecraft in deployment scenarios.
- Message content & structure: defined header, metadata and data sections; mandatory and optional keywords; units and time tags.
- Support for operational needs: orbit states (cartesian/Keplerian), ephemeris time histories, accelerations, maneuvers, covariance matrices and uncertainty representations.
- Identification & tracking: MESSAGE_ID and other metadata fields for message annotation and traceability.
- Syntax & validation: KVN rules, ODM/XML schema, and validation guidance including regular-expression (regex) patterns for ingest and conformance checking.
- Interoperability: normative keyword values registry (SANA Registry) to harmonize vocabulary and reduce ambiguity across agencies and operators.
- Encoding & file handling: recommended ASCII (ISO‑8859‑1) encoding; guidance on aggregating multiple ODMs into navigation message files.
- 2024 edition updates: addition of OCM, MESSAGE_ID field, updated EPHEMERIS_TYPE values, and parameter pairings (e.g., BSTAR/BTERM) to support SGP/SGP4 and SGP4-XP propagators.
Applications and who uses it
ISO 26900:2024 is aimed at organizations that create, exchange or consume orbit data messages:
- Space agencies and mission operators for planning, tracking, and navigation support.
- Ground segment and tracking networks for scheduling and conducting metric predicts.
- Flight dynamics teams for orbit propagation, orbit reconstruction and maneuver planning.
- Space situational awareness (SSA) and collision-avoidance/conjunction-analysis teams performing conjunction studies and risk assessments.
- Commercial satellite operators and service providers collaborating on multi-operator operations (e.g., coordinated maneuvers, interference mitigation).
Practical uses include pre‑flight planning, scheduling tracking support, performing orbit comparisons, executing collaborative maneuvers, and exchanging ephemerides for collision avoidance.
Related standards and resources
- CCSDS Recommended Standards (this document is CCSDS 502.0-B-3).
- ODM normative keyword values published at the SANA Registry (https://sanaregistry.org/r/navigation_standard_normative_annexes/).
- Encoding reference: ISO/IEC 8859‑1 (ASCII/Latin‑1) recommended for KVN files.
ISO 26900:2024 enables reliable, interoperable orbit data exchange across international and commercial space stakeholders, reducing ambiguity and improving operational coordination.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 20/SC 14 - Space systems and operations
- SKU
- ISO 26900:2024
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