ISO 28199-1:2021

Overview

ISO 28199-1:2021, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), provides essential guidelines for the evaluation of properties of coating systems as related to the spray application process in paints and varnishes. This first part of the ISO 28199 series covers the standardized vocabulary and detailed methods for preparing test panels. By defining consistent terms and procedures, ISO 28199-1 supports quality assurance, product development, process optimization, and troubleshooting in industrial coating processes.

This standard is fundamental for industries such as automotive manufacturing, general industrial coatings, and coatings for plastics, where the adaptation of coating materials to specific spray application conditions is critical to achieving optimal and reproducible surface quality.

Key Topics

• Terminology and Definitions: ISO 28199-1 establishes clear definitions for terms relevant to the spray application of coatings, such as film thickness, mottling, surface texture, gloss, process hiding power, and overspray absorption. Standardizing vocabulary ensures consistent communication and understanding across manufacturers, laboratories, and stakeholders.
• Preparation of Test Panels: The document details the preparation of metal panels (test substrates), including masking, application of adhesive reference strips, and procedures for perforated and non-perforated panels. Accurate preparation is crucial for reliable testing of coating properties.
• Application Methods: Guidelines for applying coatings using both static and dynamic spray patterns are included, allowing simulation of industrial processes and evaluation across a range of application parameters.
• Measurement Techniques: The standard outlines procedures for measuring key surface properties such as:
  • Film thickness (using ISO 2808 methods)
  • Colour (in accordance with ISO 18314-1)
  • Surface texture
  • Mottling and gloss (following ISO 2813)
• Test Conditions and Reporting: Requirements for conditioning, temperature and humidity control, panel sizes, number of test panels, and comprehensive reporting are specified to ensure reproducibility and traceability.

Applications

ISO 28199-1:2021 is widely applied in:

• Research and Development of coatings: Ensures that new paint and varnish formulations are evaluated under standardized conditions, supporting innovation and process improvements.
• Industrial Production and Quality Control: Enables manufacturers in sectors such as automotive, consumer goods, and plastics to evaluate coating performance, detect defects (like sagging or pinholing), and analyze process errors.
• Process Suitability and Safety Evaluation: Helps determine whether coating materials and application processes are suitable for specific industrial requirements, ensuring consistency, safety, and compliance throughout manufacturing lines.
• Error and Cause Analysis: Through systematic testing and reporting, it identifies the root causes of coating irregularities, contributing to ongoing process optimization and higher product quality.

Using ISO 28199-1, organizations can benchmark coating materials' performance, maintain high-quality standards, minimize application errors, and provide reliable products to customers.

Related Standards

For comprehensive coating evaluation and integration into broader quality management systems, the following standards are referenced or used in conjunction with ISO 28199-1:

• ISO 2808 - Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness
• ISO 18314-1 - Analytical colorimetry – Practical colour measurement
• ISO 2813 - Paints and varnishes – Determination of gloss value
• ISO 1513 - Examination and preparation of test samples
• ISO 3270 - Conditioning and testing of paints and raw materials
• ISO 15528 - Sampling of paints, varnishes, and raw materials
• ISO 28199-2 - Evaluation of coating system properties, focusing on colour stability and surface phenomena
• ISO 28199-3 - Visual assessment relating to sagging, bubble formation, pinholing, and hiding power

Adhering to ISO 28199-1 ensures compatibility with these related standards, promoting reliable evaluation of coating properties and improving industrial process control.

Keywords: ISO 28199-1, paints and varnishes, coating systems, spray application, test panels, film thickness, surface texture, industrial coatings, gloss, colour measurement, quality assurance, process safety, coating evaluation, standardization.