ISO 294-5:2017
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
- Статус документа:
- Отменён
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 7
- Дата публикации:
- 9 ноября 2017 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 294 edition 3 version 1
- ICS:
- 83.080.20
ISO 294-5:2017 specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm and a minimum size of 80 mm × ≥90 mm and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. It has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight sensitivity to the rate of injection. Whenever possible, a two cavity mould is intended to be used. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate and part geometry on anisotropy. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour. For the purposes of ISO 294-5:2017, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.
Abstract
Overview - ISO 294-5:2017 (Plastics, Injection moulding, Anisotropy)
ISO 294-5:2017 specifies a type F ISO mould and procedures for producing standard plates and test specimens to investigate anisotropy in injection-moulded thermoplastic materials. The standard defines preferred plate dimensions (80 mm × 120 mm, minimum 80 mm × ≥90 mm) and a preferred thickness of 2 mm, and it explains how melt flow and filler or polymer-chain orientation produce directional (flow vs cross) differences in mechanical properties. ISO 294-5 is intended as a design guidance tool to establish upper and lower bounds for tensile properties, not as a routine quality-control test.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Type F ISO mould design: Two-cavity mould recommended; detailed cavity, gate, runner and flood‑gate dimensions are given to produce plates with maximum anisotropic characteristics.
- Preferred specimen geometry: Plates ~80 × 120 × 2 mm (minimum length ≥90 mm) to encourage fibre alignment in the flow direction.
- Flow and cross directions: Flow direction = gate → far end of cavity; cross direction = perpendicular to flow.
- Influence of injection conditions: Injection velocity and plate thickness affect skin/core ratio; slower injection increases skin thickness and anisotropy. The document notes that a cross/flow tensile modulus ratio ≈ 0.5 indicates maximum anisotropy.
- Machine and process limits: Example calculation for a two-cavity mould gives a projected area ≈ 20 000 mm2 and, for a mould-locking force of 100 metric tons (981 kN), a maximum injection pressure ≈ 50 MPa.
- Specimen extraction and finishing: Tensile specimens (preferably ISO 20753 Type A22 or Type B3 bars) shall be machined or die-cut from the plate per Annex A; only one specimen from the plate center, surfaces free of defects.
- Reporting requirements: Mandatory recording of material ID, mould and machine data, melt and mould temperatures, injection velocity, hold/cooling times, specimen locations and counts, etc.
Applications and who uses it
- Materials engineers and R&D teams characterizing fibre-reinforced and filled thermoplastics.
- Mold and part designers needing guidance on realistic directional tensile strength and stiffness for product design and failure analysis.
- Test laboratories performing comparative anisotropy studies for component design evaluations.
- Sectors: automotive, aerospace, consumer electronics, and any industry where injection-moulded part strength directionality is critical.
Related standards
- ISO 294-1:2017 - general principles and moulding of multipurpose/bar specimens (referenced for process controls).
- ISO 20753 - test specimen types (A22, B3) used for tensile testing.
- ISO 527-2 - tensile properties test conditions (referenced in bibliography).
Keywords: ISO 294-5:2017, injection moulding, thermoplastic, anisotropy, type F ISO mould, test specimens, fibre orientation, tensile properties.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 61/SC 9 - Thermoplastic materials
- SKU
- ISO 294-5:2017
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