ISO 5014:2025

Overview

ISO 5014:2025 specifies a laboratory method to determine the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature. The test uses a three-point bending procedure with a constant rate of increase of stress and is applicable to standard-shaped bricks, special shapes and pre-cast products. It can also be applied to unshaped refractories after specimen preparation in accordance with ISO 1927-5 / ISO 1927-6.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test principle: Bend a prismatic test piece in a three-point bending jig until failure; determine MOR from the recorded peak load.
• Apparatus: Three-edge loading jig (two supports and one central load), testing machine capable of constant loading rate and peak-load recording. Machine accuracy required to ISO 7500-1 Grade 2 (±2%).
• Specimen preparation: Test pieces are taken from items or cut to required dimensions; pressing direction should be recorded. Dry to constant mass (normally (110 ± 5) °C; for MgO-containing products (150 ± 10) °C).
• Dimensions and tolerances: Standard sample sizes are specified (examples in the standard: 230×114×76 mm; 230×114×64 mm; 200×40×40 mm; 150×25×25 mm) with defined span and bearing-edge radii to minimize test-method error.
• Measurement tools: Callipers to ISO 13385-1 resolution (0.1 mm) or equivalent.
• Data reporting: Report mean MOR and standard deviation. The standard includes an informative annex on precision and bias and emphasizes cautious interpretation due to brittleness and scatter in refractory strength.
• Significance: Results assume linear-elastic bending and homogeneous isotropic behavior; comparisons require consistent test conditions (geometry, specimen orientation, loading rate).

Applications and users

ISO 5014:2025 is used for:

• Quality control and batch acceptance testing for refractory brick and shaped products.
• Material development and R&D to compare formulations or processing methods.
• Manufacturing process control to monitor product strength and consistency.
• Design data acquisition for engineers specifying refractory components where bending strength at ambient temperature is relevant. Primary users include refractory manufacturers, testing laboratories, materials engineers, procurement teams and standards/QA professionals.

Related standards

• ISO 7500-1 - calibration/verification of testing machines (force accuracy)
• ISO 13385-1 - dimensional measuring equipment (callipers)
• ISO 5017 / ISO 5016 - porosity definitions for dense and insulating refractories
• ISO 1927-5 / ISO 1927-6 - preparation/testing of unshaped refractories
• ISO 5022 - sampling plans

Keywords: ISO 5014:2025, modulus of rupture (MOR), refractory bricks, three-point bending, shaped refractory products, ambient temperature testing, test jig, ISO 7500-1, ISO 13385-1.