ISO 5354-1:2025

Overview

ISO 5354-1:2025 - Molecular biomarkers - Detection of DNA in cotton used for textile production - Part 1 specifies laboratory requirements and recommendations for extracting PCR quality DNA from cottonseed, cotton leaf and cotton-derived raw materials. The standard defines how to identify suitable cotton raw materials for DNA extraction, select cotton-specific endogenous markers, and confirm that extracted DNA is suitable for PCR analysis. It clarifies the method’s scope and limitations (for example, PCR-quality DNA can often be obtained from seed and leaf and up to greige yarn/fabric, but not from heavily processed yarns and fabrics; fibre-derived materials cannot reliably indicate admixtures of GMO-derived cotton).

Key technical topics and requirements

• Identification of suitable endogenous cotton DNA markers for the four major commercial Gossypium species (G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, G. herbaceum). Candidate markers evaluated include SAH7, ACP1 and AdhC.
• Principles for preparing test samples and assessing which cotton production stages yield PCR-quality DNA (seed, leaf, seed cotton, lint, greige yarn/fabric).
• DNA extraction method assessment and single-laboratory validation guidance (method performance across production stages).
• DNA storage, DNA quantitation and DNA quality control, including use of cotton-specific marker assays (SAH7 is recommended as a cotton matrix control) and procedures to check for PCR inhibitors.
• Requirements for documentation and test reporting.
• Informative annexes covering endogenous control analysis, extraction method assessments, PCR method for SAH7, and evaluation of commercial extraction kits.

Practical applications and users

Who will use ISO 5354-1:2025:

• Analytical and molecular laboratories performing cotton DNA extraction and PCR screening.
• Textile testing bodies and certification schemes validating non-GMO or traceability claims.
• Seed suppliers and growers verifying starter seed identity and integrity.
• Regulatory agencies and forensic laboratories assessing presence/absence of specific cotton DNA sequences.
• R&D teams developing cotton biomarker assays and extraction kits.

Practical uses:

• Establishing robust workflows to extract and confirm PCR-quality DNA from cotton raw materials.
• Supporting downstream PCR-based screening for specific targets (see ISO/TS 5354-2 for GM element screening).
• Providing traceability evidence in supply chains where GMO status or species/variety confirmation is required.

Related standards

• ISO/TS 5354-2 (GM element screening)
• ISO 6497 (recommended sampling for bales)
• ISO 21570, ISO 21571, ISO 24276, ISO 16577 (molecular methods and terminology)
• ASTM D1441-12, CEN/TS 15568 (general sampling guidance for bulk/textile products)

Keywords: ISO 5354-1:2025, cotton DNA extraction, PCR quality DNA, SAH7 marker, Gossypium, textile testing, GMO detection, molecular biomarkers.