ISO 815-1:2019
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of compression set — Part 1: At ambient or elevated temperatures
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of compression set — Part 1: At ambient or elevated temperatures
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 14
- Дата публикации:
- 26 ноября 2019 г.
- Издание:
- ISO IS 815 edition 3 version 1
- ICS:
- 83.060
This document specifies methods for the determination of the compression set characteristics of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers at ambient (one method) or elevated temperatures (three methods, A, B, and C, depending on the way the test piece is released at the end of the test). The methods are intended to measure the ability of rubbers of hardness within the range 10 IRHD to 95 IRHD to retain their elastic properties at specified temperatures after prolonged compression at constant strain (normally 25 %) under one of the alternative sets of conditions described. For rubber of nominal hardness 80 IRHD and above, a lower compression strain is used: 15 % for a nominal hardness from 80 IRHD to 89 IRHD and 10 % for a nominal hardness from 90 IRHD to 95 IRHD. NOTE 1 When rubber is held under compression, physical or chemical changes that prevent the rubber returning to its original dimensions after release of the deforming force can occur. The result is a set, the magnitude of which depends on the time and temperature of compression as well as on the time, temperature, and conditions of recovery. At elevated temperatures, chemical changes become increasingly more important and lead to a permanent set. NOTE 2 Short-time compression set tests, typically for 24 h, at elevated temperatures are commonly used as a measure of the state of cure, a means of material classification, and a specification to ensure the quality of a compound. Longer tests, typically for 1 000 h, at elevated temperatures take account of the effect of ageing and are often used to predict service performance, including that of sealing materials. Short-time tests at ambient temperature show mainly the effect of physical changes (re-orientation of the molecular chains and the fillers).
Abstract
Overview
ISO 815-1:2019 - Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of compression set - Part 1: At ambient or elevated temperatures defines standardized laboratory methods for measuring compression set of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers. The standard specifies one method at ambient temperature and three methods (A, B, C) for elevated temperatures - the choice depending on how the test piece is released. ISO 815-1:2019 evaluates a rubber’s ability to retain elastic properties after prolonged compression at a constant strain and provides test conditions for rubbers from 10 IRHD to 95 IRHD.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and purpose: Measures residual deformation (set) after compression to assess cure state, material classification, quality control and long‑term performance (including seals).
- Test principle: Compress a test piece to a defined strain, hold at ambient or elevated temperature for a specified time, release, allow recovery, then measure thickness change.
- Compression strains:
- Normally 25% for most hardnesses
- 15% for nominal hardness 80–89 IRHD
- 10% for nominal hardness 90–95 IRHD
- Test pieces: Two sizes defined
- Type A: 29.0 mm ± 0.5 mm diameter × 12.5 mm ± 0.5 mm thickness
- Type B: 13.0 mm ± 0.5 mm diameter × 6.3 mm ± 0.3 mm thickness
- Apparatus requirements: Compression assembly (polished plates, spacers, clamping device), oven meeting ISO 188 requirements, tongs, and a thickness gauge accurate to ±0.01 mm (gauge foot ~4 mm diameter). Timing device accuracy ±1 s.
- Test durations: Short tests (e.g., 24 h at elevated temperature) commonly used for cure-state and QC; longer tests (e.g., ~1 000 h) used to account for ageing and predict service performance.
- Important notes: Physical re-orientation effects dominate short ambient tests; chemical/irreversible changes dominate at elevated temperatures and lead to permanent set.
Practical applications and users
- Who uses it: Materials and quality laboratories, rubber compounders, seal/gasket manufacturers, automotive and aerospace suppliers, R&D teams, and standards/qualification bodies.
- Why use it:
- Validate compound cure and batch consistency
- Specify material acceptance criteria for seals, gaskets and vibration-damping parts
- Predict long-term performance and ageing under compression
- Compare materials for design selection and failure analysis
Related standards
- ISO 188:2011 - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests (referenced for oven requirements)
- ISO 23529:2016 - Preparation and conditioning of test pieces
- ISO 18899 - Guide to calibration of test equipment (referenced for calibration guidance)
Keywords: ISO 815-1:2019, compression set, vulcanized rubber, thermoplastic rubber, IRHD, seal testing, rubber ageing, compression strain, test pieces, rubber quality control.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- ISO/TC 45/SC 2 - Testing and analysis
- SKU
- ISO 815-1:2019
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