ASTM D6074-15(2022)
Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
- Статус документа:
- Действующий
- Формат:
- Электронный (PDF)
- Количество страниц:
- 10
- Дата публикации:
- 1 октября 2022 г.
- Издание:
- D6074
- ICS:
- 75.100
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Refinery and re-refinery feedstock and the processes to which the feed is subject determine the composition of the base stock produced. Once produced, other potential sources of variation include storage, transportation and blending. It follows that lubricating base oils will be of variable chemical composition. For this reason, characterization criteria for hydrocarbon lubricant base oils are frequently chosen from properties such as those listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2. If specification limits are established, they are usually related to the intended use of the base oil. 4.2 The consistent performance of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils is a critical factor in a wide variety of applications such as engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids. In addition, in many of these applications humans are exposed to the base oils as a component of a formulated product such that health or safety considerations may need to be addressed. This guide suggests a compilation of properties and potential contaminants that are understood by those knowledgeable in the manufacture and use of hydrocarbon lubricants to be significant in some or all applications. A discussion of each of the suggested properties and potential contaminants is provided in Appendix X2, with each listed alphabetically within four categories. 4.3 The test methods, base oil properties, and potential contaminants suggested are those that would likely be useful in many common situations, although it is recognized that there are specific applications and situations that could have different requirements. Performance testing related to a specific application may serve as the basis for acceptability. 4.4 Issues such as frequency of testing and the specifics of how the test results are to be applied are not addressed in detail. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. This guide serves as a basis for that discussion. SCOPE 1.1 This guide suggests physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods for characterizing hydrocarbon lubricant base oils derived from various refining processes including re-refining used oils and refining crude oil. This guide does not contain limits nor does it purport to cover all tests which could be employed; rather, it represents the first step in better describing important parameters of lubricant base oils affecting lubricant performance and safe handling. Tests have been identified to characterize the composition and performance of base oils in addition to verifying their consistency. Undesirable components have also been identified with a range of typical levels. These are not limits. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. 1.2 This guide applies only to base oils and not to finished lubricants. 1.3 Base oils containing detectable levels of esters, animal fats, vegetable oils, or other materials used as, or blended into, lubricants are not covered by this guide. 1.4 This guide is relevant to base oils composed of hydrocarbons and intended for use in formulating products including automotive and industrial lubricants. Although not intended to cover all base oil viscosity grades, this guide does cover the majority of viscosities that would be used in both automotive and industrial oil formulations. These base oils would typically have a viscosity of approximately 2 mm2/s to 40 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 °C (50 SUS to 3740 SUS at 100 °F). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory lim...
Abstract
Overview
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils provides a comprehensive framework for the evaluation and characterization of hydrocarbon-based lubricant base oils. Developed by ASTM International, this guide outlines key physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods suitable for use in assessing the properties and consistency of base oils derived from refining crude oil and re-refining used oils. It is intended to support quality control, product development, and safety assurance in the manufacture and use of lubricant base oils for automotive and industrial applications.
This standard does not set specification limits or cover all possible test methods, but it helps buyers and sellers agree upon relevant characterization criteria that affect the performance, consistency, and safe handling of hydrocarbon base oils. ASTM D6074 applies strictly to base oils composed of hydrocarbons and explicitly excludes finished lubricants and base oils containing significant levels of esters, animal fats, or vegetable oils.
Key Topics
-
Scope and Applicability:
- Covers characterization of hydrocarbon base oils from both traditional petroleum refining and re-refining of used oils.
- Does not address finished lubricants or non-hydrocarbon blends.
- Supports a wide range of viscosity grades relevant to automotive and industrial lubricants.
-
Characterization Parameters and Test Methods:
- Physical Properties: Appearance, color (ASTM D1500), density (ASTM D287, D1298, D4052, D6822, D7777), flash point (ASTM D92, D93), kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, D7042), pour point (ASTM D97, D5949), viscosity index (ASTM D2270), volatility, water separability (ASTM D1401).
- Chemical Properties: Acid number (ASTM D664, D974), base number (ASTM D2896), sulfur content (ASTM D2622), elemental analysis (ASTM D5185, D4951), chlorine, nitrogen, carbon residue, glycol, PCB, volatile organic halides, and water content.
- Toxicological Properties: Testing for mutagenicity (ASTM E1687), DMSO extractables (IP 346), and long-term carcinogenicity.
-
Guidance on Test Selection and Frequency:
- Frequency and choice of testing are to be determined by agreement between stakeholders and tailored to specific needs.
- The guide suggests, but does not mandate, which tests to perform or how often.
-
Health, Safety, and Regulatory Considerations:
- Recognizes potential human exposure pathways and the importance of addressing toxicological properties.
- Stresses the necessity for users to establish safe practices and comply with applicable regulations.
Applications
- Lubricant Formulation: Ensures base oil quality and performance for formulating automotive engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids.
- Quality Control: Helps producers and users monitor batch-to-batch consistency and identify contamination or undesirable variation in hydrocarbon base oils.
- Regulatory Compliance: Provides a recognized methodology for base oil characterization that can support compliance with global safety and environmental standards.
- Procurement and Supply Agreements: Assists buyers and sellers in establishing mutually agreed-upon characterization parameters and test requirements for base oil transactions.
- R&D and Product Development: Guides selection of base oils with specific properties for targeted applications, optimizing performance and safety profiles.
Related Standards
- ASTM D445 - Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
- ASTM D92/ASTM D93 - Flash Point Test Methods
- ASTM D2270 - Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index
- ASTM D1500 - ASTM Color of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D5185, ASTM D4951 - Elemental Analysis of Lubricating Oils
- ASTM D664, ASTM D974 - Acid Number Determination
- ASTM E1687 - Carcinogenic Potential Assessment
- IP 346 - Determination of Polycyclic Aromatics in Base Oils
ASTM D6074-15(2022) serves as an essential reference for professionals in the petroleum, lubricant, and chemical industries seeking to ensure the quality, safety, and reliability of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils. It supports informed decision-making, consistency in quality control, and facilitates global trade by providing a harmonized approach to base oil characterization.
Технические детали
- Технический комитет
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
- SKU
- ASTM D6074-15(2022)
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