ASTM F590-22

Overview

ASTM F590-22: Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder Gun Projectiles and Propellants sets out requirements to improve safety and compatibility for projectiles and propellants used in non-powder guns such as BB guns, air guns, and pellet guns. These products are widely used for target shooting, educational activities, and recreational purposes. This safety specification addresses dimensions, tolerances, product identification, and testing methods to ensure that non-powder gun projectiles and propellants are safe, properly labeled, and compatible with corresponding firearms.

Key Topics

• Scope of Coverage:

  • Applies to BB, .177 cal (4.5 mm), .22 cal (5.5 mm), .25 cal (6.4 mm) air gun shot and pellets, and .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5 mm), .25 cal (6.4 mm) darts.
  • Includes CO₂ propellant cylinders (8g and 12g types), both refillable and non-refillable, as well as compressed air reservoirs.
  • Does not include propellants propelled by combustible release, products used in blow guns, slingshots, cork guns, toy guns, archery crossbows, paintball, airsoft, or ammunition for law enforcement, scientific, veterinary, or military applications.

• Compatibility and Safety Requirements:

  • Establishes precise dimensions and tolerances for projectiles and propellants to ensure safe usage and interchangeable compatibility with non-powder guns.
  • Includes testing protocols for measurements such as spherical diameter, shot-start force, and length, as well as rupture and temperature tests for CO₂ cylinders.

• Identification and Marking:

  • Mandates clear labeling of projectile type, caliber, material, and protective finish on packaging.
  • CO₂ cylinders must be stamped with regulatory compliance marks (DOT or TC), pressure ratings, and serial numbers.
  • Packaging must include explicit safety warnings for projectiles and propellants.

• Safety and Handling Procedures:

  • Details requirements for safe handling, inspection, and filling of refillable CO₂ cylinders, including procedures for trans-filling, visual checks, and recognizing cylinders not suitable for use.
  • Emphasizes user responsibility for compliance with DOT, CGA, and OSHA regulations.

Applications

ASTM F590-22 is essential for stakeholders in the design, manufacturing, and distribution of non-powder gun products, including:

• Manufacturers:

  • Ensures standardized production of air gun shot, pellets, darts, and CO₂ cylinders, supporting product quality and safety.
  • Provides guidance on critical dimensions, tolerances, and quality control procedures.

• Retailers and Distributors:

  • Facilitates accurate product identification and compliance with consumer safety labeling laws.
  • Reduces the risk of product misapplication or improper matching between guns, projectiles, and propellants.

• End Users (Consumers):

  • Helps users select the correct ammunition and CO₂ canisters, minimizing hazards associated with mismatched products.
  • Provides safety and usage instructions, promoting responsible handling and reducing the risk of injury.

• Regulatory Bodies:

  • Supports enforcement of safety standards and compatibility requirements for consumer products in the shooting sports industry.

Related Standards

• ASTM F589: Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder Guns - Used in conjunction with F590-22 for complete regulatory guidance on non-powder gun systems.
• ASTM F2030: Specification for Paintball Cylinder Burst Disk Assemblies - Covers additional requirements for pressure relief devices for cylinders.
• DOT (Department of Transportation) and TC (Transport Canada): Regulations for marking, re-testing, and handling pressure vessels (CO₂ cylinders).
• CGA (Compressed Gas Association): Guidance on the safe handling and filling of gas cylinders.
• OSHA: Occupational health and safety standards applicable to handling compressed gases.

ASTM F590-22 is recognized internationally and developed in compliance with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles, affirming its relevance and acceptance as a global benchmark for non-powder gun safety.

By following the ASTM F590-22 standard, manufacturers, distributors, and end-users can enhance product safety and ensure interoperability in the growing market for non-powder gun projectiles and propellants.